PN2002: Cognition with correct
answers 2025
Working Memory Key Concept - CORRECT ANSWER-working memory is multifaceted
What is the Unitary store model - CORRECT ANSWER--Jonides et al 2008
-short term memory consists of temporary activations of long-term memory or
representations of items recently perceived
Four components of working memory in the working memory model - CORRECT
ANSWER--Two slave systems: Phonological loop and visual spatial sketchpad
-episodic buffer
-central executive
Implications of functioning independent systems - CORRECT ANSWER--two tasks that
use the same component of working memory cannot be performed successfully
together
-if two tasks rely on different components of working memory they can be performed
together or separately
Definition and features of the phonological loop - CORRECT ANSWER-Def: component
of working memory for holding speech-based information and subvocal rehearsal takes
place
Features: consists of two components- phonological store and articulatory control
system
What is the articulatory control system - CORRECT ANSWER-Verbal rehearsal system;
it is time limited and called the inner voice
What is the phonological store - CORRECT ANSWER-speech based storage system;
has a rapid decay rate of 2 seconds; called the inner ear
Value of phonological loop - CORRECT ANSWER--important for memory as it involves
verbal rehearsal
-two key findings provide evidence for this function: phonological similarity and word
length effect
-useful for learning vocab and languages
-Action control: repeating word computer reduced ability to control inhibition responses
, Results of Baddedly 2018 phonological similarity study - CORRECT ANSWER-recall
worse for phonologically similar words
Word Length Effect - CORRECT ANSWER-Memory span is longer for words taking a
shorter time to say than words taking a longer time to say
What is the visual spatial sketchpad - CORRECT ANSWER--A temporary spatial and
visual information storage system
-used for the manipulation of visual patterns and movement
-components: visual cache and inner scribe
What is the visual cache - CORRECT ANSWER-stores information about visual form
and colour
What is the inner scribe - CORRECT ANSWER--Processes spatial and movement
information
-involved in rehearsal of information in the visual cache
-transfers information from visual cache to the central executive
Klauer and Zhao 2004 - CORRECT ANSWER--two tasks, spatial and visual, used a
dual task paradigm with three secondary tasks
1. movement discrimination
2. color discrimination
3. control condition
Neurological evidence for the visual/ spatial distinction - CORRECT ANSWER--ventral
prefrontal cortex activated more during visual working memory tasks as opposed to
spatial ones
-dorsal prefrontal cortex activated during spatial working memory tasks than visual
working memory tasks
Does the visual spatial sketchpad interact with other cognitive and memory systems -
CORRECT ANSWER-yurp
Central executive key concept - CORRECT ANSWER-Central executive is not unitary, it
has multiple executive functions
What is the central executive - CORRECT ANSWER--term for processes that organise
the functioning of the cognitive system to fulfil current goals
-employed when carrying out complex activities like reading, problem solving and multi
tasking
Where is the central executive located in the brain - CORRECT ANSWER-Prefrontal
cortex
answers 2025
Working Memory Key Concept - CORRECT ANSWER-working memory is multifaceted
What is the Unitary store model - CORRECT ANSWER--Jonides et al 2008
-short term memory consists of temporary activations of long-term memory or
representations of items recently perceived
Four components of working memory in the working memory model - CORRECT
ANSWER--Two slave systems: Phonological loop and visual spatial sketchpad
-episodic buffer
-central executive
Implications of functioning independent systems - CORRECT ANSWER--two tasks that
use the same component of working memory cannot be performed successfully
together
-if two tasks rely on different components of working memory they can be performed
together or separately
Definition and features of the phonological loop - CORRECT ANSWER-Def: component
of working memory for holding speech-based information and subvocal rehearsal takes
place
Features: consists of two components- phonological store and articulatory control
system
What is the articulatory control system - CORRECT ANSWER-Verbal rehearsal system;
it is time limited and called the inner voice
What is the phonological store - CORRECT ANSWER-speech based storage system;
has a rapid decay rate of 2 seconds; called the inner ear
Value of phonological loop - CORRECT ANSWER--important for memory as it involves
verbal rehearsal
-two key findings provide evidence for this function: phonological similarity and word
length effect
-useful for learning vocab and languages
-Action control: repeating word computer reduced ability to control inhibition responses
, Results of Baddedly 2018 phonological similarity study - CORRECT ANSWER-recall
worse for phonologically similar words
Word Length Effect - CORRECT ANSWER-Memory span is longer for words taking a
shorter time to say than words taking a longer time to say
What is the visual spatial sketchpad - CORRECT ANSWER--A temporary spatial and
visual information storage system
-used for the manipulation of visual patterns and movement
-components: visual cache and inner scribe
What is the visual cache - CORRECT ANSWER-stores information about visual form
and colour
What is the inner scribe - CORRECT ANSWER--Processes spatial and movement
information
-involved in rehearsal of information in the visual cache
-transfers information from visual cache to the central executive
Klauer and Zhao 2004 - CORRECT ANSWER--two tasks, spatial and visual, used a
dual task paradigm with three secondary tasks
1. movement discrimination
2. color discrimination
3. control condition
Neurological evidence for the visual/ spatial distinction - CORRECT ANSWER--ventral
prefrontal cortex activated more during visual working memory tasks as opposed to
spatial ones
-dorsal prefrontal cortex activated during spatial working memory tasks than visual
working memory tasks
Does the visual spatial sketchpad interact with other cognitive and memory systems -
CORRECT ANSWER-yurp
Central executive key concept - CORRECT ANSWER-Central executive is not unitary, it
has multiple executive functions
What is the central executive - CORRECT ANSWER--term for processes that organise
the functioning of the cognitive system to fulfil current goals
-employed when carrying out complex activities like reading, problem solving and multi
tasking
Where is the central executive located in the brain - CORRECT ANSWER-Prefrontal
cortex
