IBSS 1532 Exam Questions with Correct Answers 100% Verified By Experts| Latest Update
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What is the effect of CCK on gastric emptying? it decreases it
What is the effect of the motilin hormone on motility? it increases motility by increasing the
percent of slow waves with action potentials
What is the effect of secretin on the pancreas? it stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate
and some enzymes
What is the effect of secretin on the liver? it causes bicarbonate secretion
What is the effect of secretin on HCl secretion? it inhibits it
What is the effect of secretin on the rate of gastric emptying? it decreases it
What is the effect of prostaglandins on secretion? they trigger the secretion of mucos and
bicarbonate
What is the effect of VIP on GI sphincters? it causes them to relax
What four factors influence GI motility? ICC/slow waves, enteric neurons, extrinsic nerves,
hormones/paracrines
What is the role of mastication in bolus formation? mastication reduces food particle size
and combines with saliva to form the bolus
what is the effect of decreased dentition on the duration of mastication? it increases the
number of chews requries
,what is the effect of hypo salivation on the duration of mastication? it increases the number
of chews required
What are the six functions of saliva? protects the mouth, neutralizes ingested acids,
lubricates food, maintenance of tooth integrity, antibacterial, initiates digestion
What is the function of the saliva in taste sensation? it prevents the desiccation of the taste
buds
Which three components of the saliva neutralize ingested acids? bicarbonate, phosphate,
and protein buffers
Which component of saliva helps lubricate food and make swallowing easier? mucins
Which component of saliva keeps the pH of the mouth alkaline? What is the effect?
bicarbonate, which prevents demineralization of the teeth
Which component of saliva stabilizes ions in solution and promotes teeth remineralization?
statherin
Which four ions does statherin stabilize in the saliva in order to remineralize the teeth?
calcium , phosphorus, magnesium, and fluoride
Which two components of saliva aggregate bacteria to prevent their adherence to the teeth?
immunoglobulin A and mucin 2
Which two components of saliva attack bacteria? lysozymes and histatin
,Which component of the saliva slows bacterial growth? lactoferring
Which component of the saliva generates bactericide and directly kills bacteria? hydrogen
peroxide
Which component of the saliva is involved in carbohydrate digestion? amylase
Which component of the saliva is involves in fat digestion? lipase
Which component of the saliva is involved in vitamin B 12 absorption? R protein
What is the function of acinar vs ductal cells in saliva production? the acinar cells secrete the
primary saliva while ductal cells modulate this saliva
What is the structural relationship between acinar cells and cutlas cells in salivary glands?
acinar cells are found in a group associated on top of a duct made of ductal cells
What are the steps in the mechanism of isotonic fluid secretion by acinar cells in the salivary
glands? -increased intracellular calcium opens K+ channels on base and Cl channels on apical
side.
-Cl effluxes, building up negative charge in the lumen
-Na+ flows into lumen through tight junctions between acinar cells
-Water flows into lumen through tight junctions, creating isotonic saliva
What is the effect of increased intracellular calcium levels on the amount of saliva in acini of
salivary glands? more calcium = more saliva in the lumen
Increase in which three intracellular components cause acinar cells to exocytose proteins into
the lumen of salivary glands? Calcium, protein Kinase C, and protein kinase A
, What regulates the rate of salivary secretion? the parasympathetic/sympathetic nervous
system only
Through which three nerves does afferent input travel to the brain stem in order to regulate
salivary secretion? the facial, glossopharyngeal, and trigeminal nerves
Which two ganglia do efferents from the brainstem go to in the neural regulation of salivary
secretion? the otic ganglion and submandibular ganglion
Which three glands receive paraysmpathetic input in the regulation of salivary secretion? all
three salivary glands
Which glands receive sympathetic input in the regulation of salivary secretion? the
submandibular and parotid glands
What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on salivary glands? it causes a high
volume of watery saliva to be secreted
What neurotransmitter and receptor is used in the parasympathetic stimulation of salivary
glands? What is the effect? acetylcholine binds muscarinic receptors on the acinar cells to
increase intracellular calcium and activate PKC, thereby increasing fluid and protein secretion
What is the sympathetic effect on the function of the salivary glands? it causes them to
secrete a low volume of thick saliva
What neurotransmitter and receptor is involved in sympathetic stimulation of salivary glands?
What is the effect? norepinephrine binds B adrenergic receptors on acinar cells in order to
increase PKA activity and cause protein exocytosis into the lumen
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What is the effect of CCK on gastric emptying? it decreases it
What is the effect of the motilin hormone on motility? it increases motility by increasing the
percent of slow waves with action potentials
What is the effect of secretin on the pancreas? it stimulates the secretion of bicarbonate
and some enzymes
What is the effect of secretin on the liver? it causes bicarbonate secretion
What is the effect of secretin on HCl secretion? it inhibits it
What is the effect of secretin on the rate of gastric emptying? it decreases it
What is the effect of prostaglandins on secretion? they trigger the secretion of mucos and
bicarbonate
What is the effect of VIP on GI sphincters? it causes them to relax
What four factors influence GI motility? ICC/slow waves, enteric neurons, extrinsic nerves,
hormones/paracrines
What is the role of mastication in bolus formation? mastication reduces food particle size
and combines with saliva to form the bolus
what is the effect of decreased dentition on the duration of mastication? it increases the
number of chews requries
,what is the effect of hypo salivation on the duration of mastication? it increases the number
of chews required
What are the six functions of saliva? protects the mouth, neutralizes ingested acids,
lubricates food, maintenance of tooth integrity, antibacterial, initiates digestion
What is the function of the saliva in taste sensation? it prevents the desiccation of the taste
buds
Which three components of the saliva neutralize ingested acids? bicarbonate, phosphate,
and protein buffers
Which component of saliva helps lubricate food and make swallowing easier? mucins
Which component of saliva keeps the pH of the mouth alkaline? What is the effect?
bicarbonate, which prevents demineralization of the teeth
Which component of saliva stabilizes ions in solution and promotes teeth remineralization?
statherin
Which four ions does statherin stabilize in the saliva in order to remineralize the teeth?
calcium , phosphorus, magnesium, and fluoride
Which two components of saliva aggregate bacteria to prevent their adherence to the teeth?
immunoglobulin A and mucin 2
Which two components of saliva attack bacteria? lysozymes and histatin
,Which component of the saliva slows bacterial growth? lactoferring
Which component of the saliva generates bactericide and directly kills bacteria? hydrogen
peroxide
Which component of the saliva is involved in carbohydrate digestion? amylase
Which component of the saliva is involves in fat digestion? lipase
Which component of the saliva is involved in vitamin B 12 absorption? R protein
What is the function of acinar vs ductal cells in saliva production? the acinar cells secrete the
primary saliva while ductal cells modulate this saliva
What is the structural relationship between acinar cells and cutlas cells in salivary glands?
acinar cells are found in a group associated on top of a duct made of ductal cells
What are the steps in the mechanism of isotonic fluid secretion by acinar cells in the salivary
glands? -increased intracellular calcium opens K+ channels on base and Cl channels on apical
side.
-Cl effluxes, building up negative charge in the lumen
-Na+ flows into lumen through tight junctions between acinar cells
-Water flows into lumen through tight junctions, creating isotonic saliva
What is the effect of increased intracellular calcium levels on the amount of saliva in acini of
salivary glands? more calcium = more saliva in the lumen
Increase in which three intracellular components cause acinar cells to exocytose proteins into
the lumen of salivary glands? Calcium, protein Kinase C, and protein kinase A
, What regulates the rate of salivary secretion? the parasympathetic/sympathetic nervous
system only
Through which three nerves does afferent input travel to the brain stem in order to regulate
salivary secretion? the facial, glossopharyngeal, and trigeminal nerves
Which two ganglia do efferents from the brainstem go to in the neural regulation of salivary
secretion? the otic ganglion and submandibular ganglion
Which three glands receive paraysmpathetic input in the regulation of salivary secretion? all
three salivary glands
Which glands receive sympathetic input in the regulation of salivary secretion? the
submandibular and parotid glands
What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on salivary glands? it causes a high
volume of watery saliva to be secreted
What neurotransmitter and receptor is used in the parasympathetic stimulation of salivary
glands? What is the effect? acetylcholine binds muscarinic receptors on the acinar cells to
increase intracellular calcium and activate PKC, thereby increasing fluid and protein secretion
What is the sympathetic effect on the function of the salivary glands? it causes them to
secrete a low volume of thick saliva
What neurotransmitter and receptor is involved in sympathetic stimulation of salivary glands?
What is the effect? norepinephrine binds B adrenergic receptors on acinar cells in order to
increase PKA activity and cause protein exocytosis into the lumen
