HUMAN BIOLOGY EXAM #2 QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
What do Epinephrine and norepinephrine work in concert with? - ANSWER-the sympathetic
nervous system
What does the Thyroid gland do? - ANSWER-Secretes thyroid hormone and calcitonin
What is the thyroid hormone? - ANSWER-an amino acid with 3 or 4 iodines
What is the function of the Thyroid Hormone? - ANSWER-increase metabolic activity of
tissues throughout the body
(specifically, it stimulates oxidation in the mitochondria of various target cells; this increases
energy availability & metabolic rate)
What is hyperthyroidism - ANSWER-Overproduction of Thyroid Hormone (TH)
Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism - ANSWER-higher than normal body temperature
profuse perspiration
High Blood Pressure
loss of weight
irritability
muscular weakness
insomnia
exophthalmia
How do you control hyperthyroidism - ANSWER-Anti-thyroid drugs
surgical removal or partial destruction of part of the thyroid gland with radioactive iodine
What is Hypothyroidism - ANSWER-An underproduction of TH (Thyroid Hormone)
How is hypothyroidism caused? - ANSWER-malfunction in the thyroid gland and insufficient
iodine in the diet
How is Hypothyroidism treated? - ANSWER-Administration of the Thyroid Hormone
Or with iodine
What is calcitonin? - ANSWER-Produced by the thyroid gland
What does calcitonin do? - ANSWER-inhibit the release of Ca++ ions from bone (or
promote Ca++ deposition in to the bones)
Lowers the calcium level in the blood
What do mineralocorticoids do? - ANSWER-Promote Na+ reabsorption (by the Kidney)
helps control the body's salt and water balance
Aldosterone - ANSWER-stimulates the cells in the kidney to reabsorb Na+ and H20
, What does an adrenal tumor in women cause? - ANSWER-facial hair & masculine
characteristics
Epinephrine is the same as - ANSWER-Adrenaline
What does the Adrenal Medulla do? - ANSWER-secretes epinephrine (adrenaline) &
norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
What is the primary function of the Adrenal Medulla? - ANSWER-create the conditions for a
"fight or flight" response
How does the body prepare for a "fight of flight" response - ANSWER-stimulate the heart to
beat faster
raise blood pressure
increase blood sugar concentrations
dilate respiratory passages for more effective breathing
Where is the pituitary gland? - ANSWER-Lies below the hypothalamus
(also a double gland)
What is the posterior pituitary (lobe) a storage are for? - ANSWER-oxytocin and anti-diuretic
hormone (ADH)
What is the function of oxytocin - ANSWER-causes the contraction of uterine muscles
what is the function of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)? - ANSWER-stimulates collecting ducts
of the kidney to absorb more water (so it will not be excreted as urine)
Where are Oxytocin and ADH Produced and Secreted from? - ANSWER-the Hypothalamus
What does the anterior Pituitary secrete - ANSWER-Prolactin, growth hormones
What is the function of prolactin? - ANSWER-Stimulates milk production by female
mammary glands
What are the functions of the growth hormones - ANSWER-plays a critical role in promoting
normal growth
How does growth hormones specifically promote normal growth? - ANSWER-promotes
protein synthesis and the use of body fat for energy metabolism
Growth Hormone deficiency in children causes? - ANSWER-Pituitary dwarf
Growth Hormone oversupply in adults causes? - ANSWER-acromegaly
Growth Hormone oversupply in children causes? - ANSWER-Pituitary giant
What does TSH stand for? - ANSWER-Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
What do Epinephrine and norepinephrine work in concert with? - ANSWER-the sympathetic
nervous system
What does the Thyroid gland do? - ANSWER-Secretes thyroid hormone and calcitonin
What is the thyroid hormone? - ANSWER-an amino acid with 3 or 4 iodines
What is the function of the Thyroid Hormone? - ANSWER-increase metabolic activity of
tissues throughout the body
(specifically, it stimulates oxidation in the mitochondria of various target cells; this increases
energy availability & metabolic rate)
What is hyperthyroidism - ANSWER-Overproduction of Thyroid Hormone (TH)
Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism - ANSWER-higher than normal body temperature
profuse perspiration
High Blood Pressure
loss of weight
irritability
muscular weakness
insomnia
exophthalmia
How do you control hyperthyroidism - ANSWER-Anti-thyroid drugs
surgical removal or partial destruction of part of the thyroid gland with radioactive iodine
What is Hypothyroidism - ANSWER-An underproduction of TH (Thyroid Hormone)
How is hypothyroidism caused? - ANSWER-malfunction in the thyroid gland and insufficient
iodine in the diet
How is Hypothyroidism treated? - ANSWER-Administration of the Thyroid Hormone
Or with iodine
What is calcitonin? - ANSWER-Produced by the thyroid gland
What does calcitonin do? - ANSWER-inhibit the release of Ca++ ions from bone (or
promote Ca++ deposition in to the bones)
Lowers the calcium level in the blood
What do mineralocorticoids do? - ANSWER-Promote Na+ reabsorption (by the Kidney)
helps control the body's salt and water balance
Aldosterone - ANSWER-stimulates the cells in the kidney to reabsorb Na+ and H20
, What does an adrenal tumor in women cause? - ANSWER-facial hair & masculine
characteristics
Epinephrine is the same as - ANSWER-Adrenaline
What does the Adrenal Medulla do? - ANSWER-secretes epinephrine (adrenaline) &
norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
What is the primary function of the Adrenal Medulla? - ANSWER-create the conditions for a
"fight or flight" response
How does the body prepare for a "fight of flight" response - ANSWER-stimulate the heart to
beat faster
raise blood pressure
increase blood sugar concentrations
dilate respiratory passages for more effective breathing
Where is the pituitary gland? - ANSWER-Lies below the hypothalamus
(also a double gland)
What is the posterior pituitary (lobe) a storage are for? - ANSWER-oxytocin and anti-diuretic
hormone (ADH)
What is the function of oxytocin - ANSWER-causes the contraction of uterine muscles
what is the function of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)? - ANSWER-stimulates collecting ducts
of the kidney to absorb more water (so it will not be excreted as urine)
Where are Oxytocin and ADH Produced and Secreted from? - ANSWER-the Hypothalamus
What does the anterior Pituitary secrete - ANSWER-Prolactin, growth hormones
What is the function of prolactin? - ANSWER-Stimulates milk production by female
mammary glands
What are the functions of the growth hormones - ANSWER-plays a critical role in promoting
normal growth
How does growth hormones specifically promote normal growth? - ANSWER-promotes
protein synthesis and the use of body fat for energy metabolism
Growth Hormone deficiency in children causes? - ANSWER-Pituitary dwarf
Growth Hormone oversupply in adults causes? - ANSWER-acromegaly
Growth Hormone oversupply in children causes? - ANSWER-Pituitary giant
What does TSH stand for? - ANSWER-Thyroid Stimulating Hormone
