BIO 152 EXAM 2 WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025
Cell Theory correct answers >> 1) Cells are smallest unit of
life
2) All life is made up of one or more cells
--organismal activity is dependent on cellular activity
3) Cells can only come from other cells through division
--except for the first time
Prokaryote correct answers >> -A unicellular organism that
lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
-Bacteria and archaea are prokaryotes
-Much smaller than eukaryotes
-Has the standard features of a plasma membrane, cytoplasm,
ribosomes, and circular DNA
Is photosynthesis present in different lineages of bacteria and
archaea? correct answers >> Yes
Stromatolites correct answers >> -mineral deposits caused
by bacterial (cyanobacteria) mats
The "bad" of archaea correct answers >> -Disease
-MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)
,The consequences are dramatic, it can impact the function or
functional abilities of the cell type correct answers >> What
are the consequences when two cells are different and transfer
genetic info?
Vertically, from parent to offspring correct answers >> How
do most organisms transfer their genes?
Lateral Gene Transfer correct answers >> The transfer of
genes from one species to another laterally, common among
bacteria and archaea.
Transformation, Transduction, and Conjugation correct
answers >> What are the three main mechanisms of Lateral
Gene Transfer
Transformation correct answers >> Loose DNA in the
environment getting through the plasma membrane of a living
cell and becoming incorporated into the genetic info of the
adjacent cell
Transduction correct answers >> Viral mediated transfer
from one cell to another
-One cell captures genetic info inside of a virus and then it gets
moved from one infected cell to the next cell
Conjugation correct answers >> Some cells are able to form
cytoplasm bridges to transfer genetic information
-As close to sexual reproduction b/w bacterial cells as possible
, If mapping characters that originated through lateral gene
transfer onto a phylogenetic tree, would you tend to get
monophyletic groups? correct answers >> -Depends, if were
using one gene and it happens to show on all then it would be
monophyletic
-But if a different gene like the one encoding a ribosomal protein,
that gene would show different set of phylogenetic relationships
than the gene that was transferred
Endosymbiosis correct answers >> How is the mitochondria
and the chloroplast thought to have come about?
Endosymbiosis process correct answers >> 1. Start with two
independent bacteria
2. One bacterium engulfs the other
3. One bacterium now lives inside the other
4. Both bacteria benefit from the arrangement
5. The internal bacteria are passed on from generation to
generation
Eukaryotes correct answers >> -Have a nuclear membrane
-Has mitochondria, endomembrane system
-Asexual and sexual reproduction occur
-Many are multicellular
Protists correct answers >> -A eukaryotic organism that
cannot be classified as an animal, plant, or fungus.
ANSWERS 2025
Cell Theory correct answers >> 1) Cells are smallest unit of
life
2) All life is made up of one or more cells
--organismal activity is dependent on cellular activity
3) Cells can only come from other cells through division
--except for the first time
Prokaryote correct answers >> -A unicellular organism that
lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
-Bacteria and archaea are prokaryotes
-Much smaller than eukaryotes
-Has the standard features of a plasma membrane, cytoplasm,
ribosomes, and circular DNA
Is photosynthesis present in different lineages of bacteria and
archaea? correct answers >> Yes
Stromatolites correct answers >> -mineral deposits caused
by bacterial (cyanobacteria) mats
The "bad" of archaea correct answers >> -Disease
-MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)
,The consequences are dramatic, it can impact the function or
functional abilities of the cell type correct answers >> What
are the consequences when two cells are different and transfer
genetic info?
Vertically, from parent to offspring correct answers >> How
do most organisms transfer their genes?
Lateral Gene Transfer correct answers >> The transfer of
genes from one species to another laterally, common among
bacteria and archaea.
Transformation, Transduction, and Conjugation correct
answers >> What are the three main mechanisms of Lateral
Gene Transfer
Transformation correct answers >> Loose DNA in the
environment getting through the plasma membrane of a living
cell and becoming incorporated into the genetic info of the
adjacent cell
Transduction correct answers >> Viral mediated transfer
from one cell to another
-One cell captures genetic info inside of a virus and then it gets
moved from one infected cell to the next cell
Conjugation correct answers >> Some cells are able to form
cytoplasm bridges to transfer genetic information
-As close to sexual reproduction b/w bacterial cells as possible
, If mapping characters that originated through lateral gene
transfer onto a phylogenetic tree, would you tend to get
monophyletic groups? correct answers >> -Depends, if were
using one gene and it happens to show on all then it would be
monophyletic
-But if a different gene like the one encoding a ribosomal protein,
that gene would show different set of phylogenetic relationships
than the gene that was transferred
Endosymbiosis correct answers >> How is the mitochondria
and the chloroplast thought to have come about?
Endosymbiosis process correct answers >> 1. Start with two
independent bacteria
2. One bacterium engulfs the other
3. One bacterium now lives inside the other
4. Both bacteria benefit from the arrangement
5. The internal bacteria are passed on from generation to
generation
Eukaryotes correct answers >> -Have a nuclear membrane
-Has mitochondria, endomembrane system
-Asexual and sexual reproduction occur
-Many are multicellular
Protists correct answers >> -A eukaryotic organism that
cannot be classified as an animal, plant, or fungus.
