7/7/25, 4:16 PM
ECHO CCI ACTUAL FINAL EXAM 2025 -2026 NEWEST
VERSION WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS \ACTUAL PRACTICE EXAM 2025
\ASSURED PASS ALREADY GRADED A+
-superiorly and posterior to other cardiac structures
-most posterior portion of heart
-anterior portion is more muscular and contains the LA
left atrium appendage
-smooth except appendage
-smaller then RA
-thicker walls-thicker pressure
-has ellipsoid (conical) shape
-larger than RV by 2-3 times
left ventricle -subdivided into inflow and outflow tract
-myocardium accounts for 75% of muscle mass of heart
-lies on floor of atrium just above base of TV & ventricle
-conduction thru AV node is slower allowing time for
atria to contract & finish filling ventricles with blood
Atrioventricular node -40-60bpm
-during p wave
-DOES NOT CAUSE P WAVE
valve open and close -heart valves open and close due to changes in intracardiac
pressures
-MV closes when LVP exceeds LAP
mitral valve open/close
-MV opens when LVP falls below LAP
-TV closes when RVP exceeds RAP
Tricuspid valve open/close
-TV opens when RVP falls below RAP
-MV closes before TV
MV & TV -TV opens before MV
-TV-MV-MV-TV
-AOV opens when LVSP exceeds AP
aortic valve open/close
-AOV closes when LVSP falls below AP
-PV opens when RVP exceeds PAP
Pulmonic valve open/close
-PV closes when RVSP falls below PASP
1/9
, 7/7/25, 4:16 PM
-PV opens before AOV
AOV & PV -PV closes after AOV
-PV-AOV-AOV-PV
-rapid filling
early diastole
-80%
-reduce diastolic filling
Diastasis
-mid diastole
-atrial kick
atrial systole -late diastolic filling
-20%
-all valves closed
-ventricles begin to contract
isovolumic contraciton
-increase in ventricular pressure
-no change in ventricular volume
-all valves closed
-ventricular relaxation
isovolumic relaxation
-pressure drop (decrease)
-no change in ventricular volume
apical view -assessing global and regional ventricular function
-assessing LV wall motion
-blood flow thru the MV & TV
Apical-4
-Apex of LV evaluates for thrombi or aneurysms
-mv and tv parallel to doppler beam give accurate blood flow
velocities
-evaluate obstruction in LVOT
apical-5
- allow doppler assessment velocities of AOV & LVOT
-visualization of anterior and inferior walls for evaluating
Apical-2
segmental wall motion abnormalities
-apical long axis view
Apical-3
-posterior and anterior septal walls of LV are seen in this view
-EF%=LVEDV-LVESV/LVEDd*100
ejection formula -percentage of blood being ejected from ventricle during systole
(per beat)
- >50% up to 75%
-FS%=LVEDd-LVESd/LVEDd*100
fractional shortening -the change in left ventricular internal dimension throughout the
cardiac cycle
-30%-45%
-CO=SV*HR/1000
-amount of blood being ejected by ventricle during 1 min interval
Cardiac Output
-4-8 liters per minute
2/9
ECHO CCI ACTUAL FINAL EXAM 2025 -2026 NEWEST
VERSION WITH COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS \ACTUAL PRACTICE EXAM 2025
\ASSURED PASS ALREADY GRADED A+
-superiorly and posterior to other cardiac structures
-most posterior portion of heart
-anterior portion is more muscular and contains the LA
left atrium appendage
-smooth except appendage
-smaller then RA
-thicker walls-thicker pressure
-has ellipsoid (conical) shape
-larger than RV by 2-3 times
left ventricle -subdivided into inflow and outflow tract
-myocardium accounts for 75% of muscle mass of heart
-lies on floor of atrium just above base of TV & ventricle
-conduction thru AV node is slower allowing time for
atria to contract & finish filling ventricles with blood
Atrioventricular node -40-60bpm
-during p wave
-DOES NOT CAUSE P WAVE
valve open and close -heart valves open and close due to changes in intracardiac
pressures
-MV closes when LVP exceeds LAP
mitral valve open/close
-MV opens when LVP falls below LAP
-TV closes when RVP exceeds RAP
Tricuspid valve open/close
-TV opens when RVP falls below RAP
-MV closes before TV
MV & TV -TV opens before MV
-TV-MV-MV-TV
-AOV opens when LVSP exceeds AP
aortic valve open/close
-AOV closes when LVSP falls below AP
-PV opens when RVP exceeds PAP
Pulmonic valve open/close
-PV closes when RVSP falls below PASP
1/9
, 7/7/25, 4:16 PM
-PV opens before AOV
AOV & PV -PV closes after AOV
-PV-AOV-AOV-PV
-rapid filling
early diastole
-80%
-reduce diastolic filling
Diastasis
-mid diastole
-atrial kick
atrial systole -late diastolic filling
-20%
-all valves closed
-ventricles begin to contract
isovolumic contraciton
-increase in ventricular pressure
-no change in ventricular volume
-all valves closed
-ventricular relaxation
isovolumic relaxation
-pressure drop (decrease)
-no change in ventricular volume
apical view -assessing global and regional ventricular function
-assessing LV wall motion
-blood flow thru the MV & TV
Apical-4
-Apex of LV evaluates for thrombi or aneurysms
-mv and tv parallel to doppler beam give accurate blood flow
velocities
-evaluate obstruction in LVOT
apical-5
- allow doppler assessment velocities of AOV & LVOT
-visualization of anterior and inferior walls for evaluating
Apical-2
segmental wall motion abnormalities
-apical long axis view
Apical-3
-posterior and anterior septal walls of LV are seen in this view
-EF%=LVEDV-LVESV/LVEDd*100
ejection formula -percentage of blood being ejected from ventricle during systole
(per beat)
- >50% up to 75%
-FS%=LVEDd-LVESd/LVEDd*100
fractional shortening -the change in left ventricular internal dimension throughout the
cardiac cycle
-30%-45%
-CO=SV*HR/1000
-amount of blood being ejected by ventricle during 1 min interval
Cardiac Output
-4-8 liters per minute
2/9
