BIOLOGY PROCTORED EXAM PENN FOSTER
QUESTIONS WITH 100% ACCURATE
ANSWERS /LATEST UPDATE
What is the structure of an atom? - Accurate answers Nucleus in the center that contains protons
(positively charged) and neutrons (no charge). The outermost region is called an electron shell that
contain the electrons (negatively charged)
What is an ionic bond? - Accurate answers A chemical bond that's formed when an atom transfers
and electron to another Atom
What is a covalent bond? - Accurate answers Results when 2 atoms share electrons in order to
have a completed outer shell
What is a double covalent bond? - Accurate answers Occurs when 2 atoms share 2 pairs of
electroms
In order to be an organic molecule it must contain what? - Accurate answers Carbon and hydrogen
What are the main groups of organic molecules that build cells and their parts? - Accurate answers
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acid
What are the properties of water? - Accurate answers Its attraction to polar molecules.
High-specific heat.
High heat of vaporization.
The lower density of ice.
High polarity.
Carbohydrates - Accurate answers Broken down to glucose to provide energy.
What are the different kinds of carbs? - Accurate answers Glucose= monosaccharide that serves as
blood sugar
Sucrose= disaccharide which is table sugar
Polysaccharides= include starch, which stores energy in plants
Glycogen= stores energy in animals
Cellulose= makes up the structure of plant cell walls
Protein - Accurate answers macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen;
needed by the body for growth and repair
Lipid - Accurate answers Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are
made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Serve as a long term energy source
,Nucleic acid - Accurate answers macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon,
and phosphorus
Form DNA which acts to store genetic information
Characteristics of living things - Accurate answers -All are composed of cells
-All obtain energy and use it to develop
-Can sense changes in the environment and adjust in response to change
-Exhibit modifications that represent adaptations to their environment
Levels of Biological Organization - Accurate answers atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ,
organ system, organism
How are organisms classified? - Accurate answers on the basis of their evolutionary/genetic
relatedness
What is the scientific method? What is it's importance in biological sciences? - Accurate answers
Process used to validate observations while minimizing observer bias
It's goal is for research to be conduced in a fair, unbiased and repeatable manner. The best way to
discover how and why the world works
What is matter? - Accurate answers Anything that has mass and takes up space
What is an atom? - Accurate answers smallest unit of matter that retains all the chemical
properties of an element. They combine to form molecules which then form into a solid, gas or liquid
What is the cell theory? - Accurate answers All living organisms are made up of cells
The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of all living organisms
All cells arise from pre-existing cells
Ribosome - Accurate answers Makes proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum - Accurate answers A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in
which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.
Smooth ER - Accurate answers Makes lipids
Rough ER - Accurate answers That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.
Golgi Apparatus - Accurate answers Sorts and packs protein into vesicles and transports them
Lysosome - Accurate answers Digests food, bacteria and worn out organelles
Vacuole - Accurate answers Stores food, enzymes and other material
Mitochondria - Accurate answers Powerhouse of the cell- produces energy for growth,
development and movement
, Nucleus - Accurate answers A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth
and reproduction
Cell wall - Accurate answers A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides
support to the cell
Explain the process of diffusion: - Accurate answers Molecules move from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration until the concentration of molecules is the same at both
sites
Explain the process of osmosis: - Accurate answers Water moves from areas of low solute
concentration to areas of high solute concentration
Describe a basic enzymatic reaction: - Accurate answers S+E= P+E
E represents the enzyme catalyzing the reaction
S is the substance being changed
P is the product of the reaction
What is an enzyme? - Accurate answers Catalysts that increase the speed of a chemical reaction
without undergoing any permanent chemical change
What is the process of photosynthesis? - Accurate answers -The process in which the Sun's energy
is converted into chemical energy (occurs in chloroplasts).
-Carbon dioxide and water are added
-Sugar and oxygen are produced
What is cellular respiration? - Accurate answers Cellular respiration is the process that releases
energy from food in the presence of oxygen.
What is the cellular respiration equation? - Accurate answers 6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O +
Energy
What is glycolysis? - Accurate answers "splitting sugars." yields two molecules of ATP.
What is Krebs cycle? - Accurate answers This term refers to a series of chemical reactions that
involve the complete oxidation of acetyl CoA and produce 2 mol of ATP (energy) along with hydrogen
and carbon, which combine with oxygen to form (H2O) and (CO2).
What is the electron transport chain? - Accurate answers Is a sequence of electron carrier
molecules that shuttle electrons,
down a series of reactions that release energy; used to make ATP.
What is cellular reproduction? - Accurate answers Process by which cells divide to form new cells
Growth phase- cell duplicates its contents and DNA
Cell Division- the cytoplasm and DNA of a parent cell are distribute to 2 daughter cells
QUESTIONS WITH 100% ACCURATE
ANSWERS /LATEST UPDATE
What is the structure of an atom? - Accurate answers Nucleus in the center that contains protons
(positively charged) and neutrons (no charge). The outermost region is called an electron shell that
contain the electrons (negatively charged)
What is an ionic bond? - Accurate answers A chemical bond that's formed when an atom transfers
and electron to another Atom
What is a covalent bond? - Accurate answers Results when 2 atoms share electrons in order to
have a completed outer shell
What is a double covalent bond? - Accurate answers Occurs when 2 atoms share 2 pairs of
electroms
In order to be an organic molecule it must contain what? - Accurate answers Carbon and hydrogen
What are the main groups of organic molecules that build cells and their parts? - Accurate answers
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acid
What are the properties of water? - Accurate answers Its attraction to polar molecules.
High-specific heat.
High heat of vaporization.
The lower density of ice.
High polarity.
Carbohydrates - Accurate answers Broken down to glucose to provide energy.
What are the different kinds of carbs? - Accurate answers Glucose= monosaccharide that serves as
blood sugar
Sucrose= disaccharide which is table sugar
Polysaccharides= include starch, which stores energy in plants
Glycogen= stores energy in animals
Cellulose= makes up the structure of plant cell walls
Protein - Accurate answers macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen;
needed by the body for growth and repair
Lipid - Accurate answers Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are
made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Serve as a long term energy source
,Nucleic acid - Accurate answers macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon,
and phosphorus
Form DNA which acts to store genetic information
Characteristics of living things - Accurate answers -All are composed of cells
-All obtain energy and use it to develop
-Can sense changes in the environment and adjust in response to change
-Exhibit modifications that represent adaptations to their environment
Levels of Biological Organization - Accurate answers atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ,
organ system, organism
How are organisms classified? - Accurate answers on the basis of their evolutionary/genetic
relatedness
What is the scientific method? What is it's importance in biological sciences? - Accurate answers
Process used to validate observations while minimizing observer bias
It's goal is for research to be conduced in a fair, unbiased and repeatable manner. The best way to
discover how and why the world works
What is matter? - Accurate answers Anything that has mass and takes up space
What is an atom? - Accurate answers smallest unit of matter that retains all the chemical
properties of an element. They combine to form molecules which then form into a solid, gas or liquid
What is the cell theory? - Accurate answers All living organisms are made up of cells
The cell is the smallest structural and functional unit of all living organisms
All cells arise from pre-existing cells
Ribosome - Accurate answers Makes proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum - Accurate answers A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in
which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.
Smooth ER - Accurate answers Makes lipids
Rough ER - Accurate answers That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes.
Golgi Apparatus - Accurate answers Sorts and packs protein into vesicles and transports them
Lysosome - Accurate answers Digests food, bacteria and worn out organelles
Vacuole - Accurate answers Stores food, enzymes and other material
Mitochondria - Accurate answers Powerhouse of the cell- produces energy for growth,
development and movement
, Nucleus - Accurate answers A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth
and reproduction
Cell wall - Accurate answers A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides
support to the cell
Explain the process of diffusion: - Accurate answers Molecules move from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration until the concentration of molecules is the same at both
sites
Explain the process of osmosis: - Accurate answers Water moves from areas of low solute
concentration to areas of high solute concentration
Describe a basic enzymatic reaction: - Accurate answers S+E= P+E
E represents the enzyme catalyzing the reaction
S is the substance being changed
P is the product of the reaction
What is an enzyme? - Accurate answers Catalysts that increase the speed of a chemical reaction
without undergoing any permanent chemical change
What is the process of photosynthesis? - Accurate answers -The process in which the Sun's energy
is converted into chemical energy (occurs in chloroplasts).
-Carbon dioxide and water are added
-Sugar and oxygen are produced
What is cellular respiration? - Accurate answers Cellular respiration is the process that releases
energy from food in the presence of oxygen.
What is the cellular respiration equation? - Accurate answers 6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O +
Energy
What is glycolysis? - Accurate answers "splitting sugars." yields two molecules of ATP.
What is Krebs cycle? - Accurate answers This term refers to a series of chemical reactions that
involve the complete oxidation of acetyl CoA and produce 2 mol of ATP (energy) along with hydrogen
and carbon, which combine with oxygen to form (H2O) and (CO2).
What is the electron transport chain? - Accurate answers Is a sequence of electron carrier
molecules that shuttle electrons,
down a series of reactions that release energy; used to make ATP.
What is cellular reproduction? - Accurate answers Process by which cells divide to form new cells
Growth phase- cell duplicates its contents and DNA
Cell Division- the cytoplasm and DNA of a parent cell are distribute to 2 daughter cells
