NURS 307 Pediatrics Final Exam Study Guide Rated A+ 2025

1. How can the nurse minimize an infant's risk of developing retinopathy of prematurity? Give oxygen to all premature infants due to their underdeveloped lungs 2. A 16-year-old child is admitted to the pediatric medical-surgical unit with a hemoglobin of 6.2g/dL and a heart rate of 125 bpm. While assessing the patient which of the following should be the nurse's priority assessment? Signs of cardiac decompensation 3. A newborn is suspected of having cystic fibrosis. As the newborn is being prepared for transfer to a pediatric hospital, the mother asks the nurse which symptoms made the practitioners suspect cystic fibrosis. Which response by the nurse is the most important? Meconium ileus 4. The nurse is assessing a child who is suspected to have autism spectrum disorder. Which of the following expected findings is the nurse likely to observe? SATA Avoids eye contact Lack of empathy Repetitive behaviors 5. A 7-year-old child is admitted to the PICU with a diagnosis of acute asthma exacerbation. An arterial blood gas is obtained. What finding does the nurse anticipate? Increased carbon dioxide level 6. A nurse is caring for a child diagnosed with sickle cell anemia, who is receiving their first chelation therapy. What information should the nurse teach the parent regarding the therapy? Decreases the risk of bleeding 7. A 7-year-old with sickle cell disease is scheduled to have a splenectomy. During the pre- surgery teaching, what should the nurse explain to the parents the reason for a splenectomy? There is pooling of blood in the spleen and liver 8. A 4-year-old child presents with a fever and rash. What three of the following items should the nurse obtain during the health history? SATA Thorough description and history of the rash Immunization history Any exposure to communicable or infectious diseases 9. When assessing the pain level of a developmentally appropriate 4-year-old child, which technique should be utilized. Have the child select the face that matches the pain they feel 10. When developing the discharge teaching plan for the parents of a child who has undergone a cardiac catheterization for a ventricular septal defect, which of the following teaching should the nurse expect? Instruct the parents to assess the extremities for temperature and color 11. The nurse is caring for a child who is suspected of having rheumatic fever. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? Chorea 12. NG: The nurse is caring for an 8-year-old with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The child's parents state that they have a difficulty getting their daughter out of bed in the morning. The mother believes that the child's behavior is a result of avoiding going to school. Which is the best response by the nurse to the parents? Give the child a warm bath every morning before school 13. What is the causal agent commonly associated with infectious mononucleosis? Human parvovirus 14. The nurse practitioner orders ampicillin 375 mg IV every 6 hours for a 6-month-old with respiratory infection. Ampicillin is supplied as 500 mg of powder in a vial. The directions state to reconstitute the powder with 1.8 mL of 0.9% NACL, which yields 250 mg/mL. How many milliliters should the nurse administer? (Round to the nearest tenth) 1.5 mL 15. A nurse is caring for an infant who has a congenital heart defect associated with decreased pulmonary blood flow. Which of the following would the nurse expect the infant to be diagnosed with? Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) 16. During a well-child exam visit for a 24-month-old, language development is assessed. Which of the following findings would be most appropriate? Use of 2-3-word sentences 17. A 12-year-old is admitted to the pediatric unit with a diagnosis of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which electrolyte abnormality would the nurse monitor? Hyponatremia 18. Which of the following symptoms should the nurse recognize is typically the first indication of a congenital heart defect in an infant? Heart murmur 19. The nurse is assessing a 4-year-old patient with uncorrected tetralogy of Fallot who is crying. The nurse obtains the following information. Which finding requires immediate action? The lips and oral mucosa are dusky in color 20. A nurse is examining the laboratory results of a stool sample of a child with cystic fibrosis. The sample yields excessive amounts of steatorrhea. Which of the following best explains what that result indicates? The child has not been taking their enzymes 21. The nurse is caring for a patient with recently diagnosed diabetes insipidus. The nurse should expect which of the following laboratory findings? SATA Oliguria Hypernatremia Decreased specific gravity 22. The nurse is performing an assessment on a 12-year-old girl. Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse suspect correlate with a suspicion of scoliosis? SATA. Asymmetry of the shoulders Asymmetry of the hips Prominent scapula 23. The mother of a 6-month-old with cystic fibrosis asks the nurse what time to begin the child's chest physiotherapy (CPT) each day. Which of the following is the best response by the nurse? "Thirty minutes before feeding the child breakfast" 24. Compared with adults, why are infants and children at an increased risk for infection and communicable diseases? Infants have an increased risk for infection until they require their first set of immunizations 25. A 6-year-old child complaining of abdominal pain and nausea is diagnosed with intussusception. The child is scheduled for surgery. Which finding should be reported immediately before surgery proceeds? Passage of current jelly-like stool 26. A 6-year-old has been diagnosed with Wilms tumor. What is the priority nursing intervention for this child? Avoid palpating the child's abdomen 27. A nurse is providing teaching to the parents of a child who has been recently diagnosed with rheumatic fever. Which of the following assessments by the parent indicated the cause of the rheumatic fever? My child had a recent throat infection (strep infection)*** 28. An infant with hydrocephaly is noted to have an increasing head circumference upon physical examination. Which other finding should the nurse anticipate? Bulging fontanels 29. A nurse is caring for a toddler in the emergency department with an abdominal mass. The patients' blood pressure is elevated, and hematuria is noted on urinalysis. The most likely cause of these symptoms is likely to be which of the following? Wilm's tumor 30. The nurse is caring for a 5-year-old post-streptococcal infection, now experiencing gross hematuria, edema, blood pressure or 140/90 and slight proteinuria. The nurse expects which of the following as the most likely diagnosis? Glomerulonephritis 31. A child with a past history of rheumatic fever is scheduled to have dental work. Penicillin is ordered for 25 mg/kg, which is to be given 2 hours prior to the procedure. The child weighs 44Ibs. Penicillin is available in 250 mg/5 mL. How much of the medication will? 10 mL 32. The nurse is caring for a patient who arrived in the urgent care with cough, runny nose, and conjunctivitis. On further assessment, the nurse notices tiny white spots in the oral cavity. Which communicable disease should the nurse suspect? Measles 33. A nurse is caring for a school-aged child with cystic fibrosis who is being discharged after initial diagnosis and treatment. The nurse should recognize that the parent understands the child's nutritional needs when the parent states which of the following? "I will increase my child's caloric and protein intake" 34. A nurse is caring for a pediatric client who is scheduled to receive chemotherapy. The nurse reviewing the client’s lab results notes that the patient’s platelet count is 80,000/mm ^3. Which of the following precautions should the nurse add to the clients care plan? Bleeding precautions 35. The nurse is providing dietary teaching to the patient of a newly diagnosed child with celiac disease. What should the nurse include in the teaching? SATA. Substitute gluten product with corn, rice, and other flour alternatives Avoid products with gluten Avoid foods with rye, wheat, and barley 36. A 10-year-old child comes to the pediatric unit with impetigo contagiosa. The nurse is instructing the parents how to care for the skin infection. Which of the following instructions made by the nurse is correct? Administer antibiotics 37. The nurse is providing education to the parents of a patient with hemolytic uremic syndrome. What statement by the parent indicates understanding of the etiology of this syndrome? "Consuming raw meat is a risk factor for the syndrome" 38. The nurse is providing education to parents of a child with encopresis. The parents ask how they can prevent this from returning. What is the nurse’s best response? "A high-fiber diet is encouraged" 39. A 10-year-old comes into the clinic complaining of difficulty breathing. What is the action the nurse should perform? Administer an albuterol treatment 40. The nurse is planning care for a 5-year-old child with bacterial meningitis. Which of the following nursing interventions is necessary to include in the clients plan of care? Implement seizure precautions 41. The nurse is caring for a patient with diabetes insipidus. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect? Sodium of 150 mEq/L 42. The nurse is caring for a child with hemolytic uremic syndrome who has abdominal pain and a fever. The patients basic metabolic panel shows pH at 7.3, calcium at 8.0, sodium at 135, phosphorus at 4.0 and potassium at 6.0. Which of the following medications should the nurse recommend to the health-care provider as part of the BAR report? Kayexalate (or sodium polystyrene sulfonate) 43. NG: A nurse in the hematology/ oncology unit is caring for a child diagnosed with hemophilia. The parents of the child ask the nurse "how is hemophilia inherited?" What is the best explanation of the genetic component involved in hemophilia disease? "It is an autosomal disorder in which the mother carries the trait." 44. The nurse is caring for an infant with newly diagnosed physiological hyperbilirubinemia on phototherapy in the medsurg floor. The infant's caregiver asks the nurse what she can do to help the bilirubin levels decrease. What is the nurse’s best response? "Supplement intake with breast milk or formula to improve hydration" 45. The nurse is teaching a student nurse about the presenting clinical manifestations of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the student nurse indicates an understanding of the teaching? "Weight loss is a common presenting clinical manifestation of type 1 diabetes" 46. The nurse is caring for a newborn with a spinal sac protrusion at the lumbar spine. The nurse prioritizes which of the following interventions to complete first? Apply a moist sterile gauze to the spinal sac 47. A child admitted to the pediatric unit has routine morning laboratory test performed. The laboratory results reveal: Hgb:10.0, Hct:31.4, WBC 8000, and platelets 22,000. Based on the lab results, which assessment is the most important? Assess for bruising or bleeding 48. The parents of a preschooler diagnosed with muscular dystrophy ask about the course of their child's disease. What is the nurse’s best response? Muscular dystrophies usually result in progressive muscular weakness 49. A nurse is caring for a 7-year-old admitted to the hospital with complaints of joint pain. The mother of the child notes the child has had low-grade fever for the last 4 days along with ecchymosis on various areas of the body. The nurse suspects acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The nurse anticipates which of the following procedures will be ordered to confirm the diagnosis? White blood cell count 50. When performing the physical assessment of a 12-month-old child, which of the following findings would be most appropriate? Open anterior fontanel 51. Which of the following is most descriptive of the pathophysiology of leukemia? Unrestricted proliferation of immature white blood cell occurs. 52. The parents of child diagnosed with hemophilia, ask the nurse what activities their child could participate in. Which of the following activities would the nurse suggest as appropriate? SATA cycling golf swimming Jogging 53. A nurse is caring for a child who has a fracture. The child reports severe pain on assessment, the nurse should monitor for which of the following complications? SATA Inability to move distal to the affected extremity Absent pulses to the affected extremity numbness and paresthesia pale cool skin to the affected extremity 54. Which combination therapy is the primary therapeutic management protocol for a child diagnosed with Wilm's Tumor? surgery to remove tumor 55. The child who had a tonsillectomy earlier today is now awake and tolerating fluids. The child asks for something to eat. Which food choice is most appropriate for this client? Green jello 56. The nurse is caring for an infant in the emergency room with rectal bleeding and suspected abdominal pain. Which of the laboratory results would the nurse suspect for the patient? anemia 57. The nurse is planning care for an adolescent with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. What is the priority nursing goal? Prevent infection 58. A nurse is caring for a newborn with a congenital heart defect. The parents of the child ask, "why is indomethacin given"? Which of the following is the best response by the nurse? promotes the ductal closure 59. The nurse is assessing a child with muscular dystrophy raise to a standing position. The child maneuvers to a position supported by the arms and legs in order to push off the floor. The maneuvering is indicative of which of the following? Positive gower's sign 60. When explaining to parents how to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) the nurse should teach about which of the following measures? Select all that apply. Breastfeed the baby Maintain a smoke free environment place the baby on their back to sleep 61. The unit nurse educator is providing counseling to the parents of a child newly diagnosed with osteogenesis imperfecta. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching? SATA follow prescribed medication regimen low impact exercise hearing and dental screening join OI support group 62. A 9-year-old girl has completed a course of amoxicillin for urinary tract infection. This is the child third UTI this year. The child is in the 97th percentile for weight and has a history of constipation. Her parents ask the nurse for preventative strategies for UTIS. Which of the following preventative strategies is the best for the nurse to recommend? increase fruits, vegetables, and whole grains 63. An 8-month-old admitted to the pediatric CVICU with a diagnosis of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). The infant weight 16 1/2Ib. The MAR order reads: adenosine 0.01mg/kg via