Hartman's Nursing Assistant Chapter 5
Study Guide-Latest Updated
Confusion - ANS-the inability to think clearly
Common causes of confusion are.. - ANS-UTI, low blood sugar, head trauma/injury,
dehydration, nutritional problems, fever, sudden drop in body temp., lack of oxygen,
medications, infections, brain tumor, diseases of illnesses, loss of sleep, seizures
Delirium - ANS-a state of severe confusion that occurs suddenly; it is usually temporary.
Signs of delirium are.. - ANS-agitation, anger, depression, irritability, disorientation,
trouble focusing, problems w/ speech, changes in sensation and perception, changes in
consciousness, decrease in short-term memory
Cognition - ANS-some of the ability to think logically and clearly may be lost
cognitive impairment - ANS-loss of ability to think logically; concentration and memory
are affected
Dementia - ANS-general term that refers to a serious loss of mental abilities; such as
thinking, remembering, reasoning, and communicating
True or False - ANS-Dementia is not a normal part of aging
Common causes of dementia - ANS-Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct/ vascular
dementia(series of strokes causing damage to brain), lewy body dementia, Parkinson's
disease, Huntington's disease
What disease is the most common disease of dementia in elderly? - ANS-Alzheimer's
Disease(AD)
Alzheimer's disease(AD) - ANS-causes tangled nerve fibers and protein deposits to
form in brain
Guidelines of attitudes that help NA's give the best possible care for residents with AD..
- ANS-do not take things personally, be empathetic, work w/ symptoms and behaviors
notes, work as a team, be aware of difficulties associated w/ care giving, work with
family members, remember the goals of the care plan
, If a resident has problems with toileting, the NA should.. - ANS-encourage fluids, the NA
should never withhold or discourage fluids bc a resident is incontinent. NA should tell
nurse if resident is not drinking fluids. mark the bathroom w/ a sign or picture, this is
reminder of where it is and to use the toilet. make sure there is enough light in the
bathroom and on the way there. note when resident is incontinent over two to three
days, resident should be checked every 30 mins, this can help with bathroom
times.observe the toilet patterns for two to three nights to try to determine nighttime
bathroom times. take the resident to the bathroom before and after meals and before
bed. NA should actually make sure the resident actually urinates before getting off the
toilet. put the lids on trash cans, wastebaskets or other containers if the resident
urinates in them. remember the family or friends may be upset by their loved's one
incontinence. NA should be professional while cleaning after episodes of incontinence.
If a resident has problems with nutrition, the NA should.. - ANS-encourage nutritious
foods, a resident w/ AD is at risk for malnutrition. have meals at regular times each day,
the NA may need to remind the resident that it is mealtime, familiar appetizing food
should be served. make sure there is proper lighting. keep noise and distractions low
during meals. keep the task of eating simple, if resident is restless during meals, the NA
can try smaller, more frequent meals. avoid serving steaming or very hot foods or
drinks. use a simple place setting w/ a single eating utensil and remove other items from
the table. put only one item of food on plate at a time, multiple kinds of food may be
overwhelming. give simple clear instructions, residents w/ AD may not understand how
to eat or use utensils, NA should help resident sample food. guide the resident thru the
meal, NA should provide simple instruction, offering regular drinks to prevent
dehydration. use adaptive equipment, such as special spoons and bowls as needed.
feed the resident slowly, giving small pieces of food. make mealtimes simple and
relaxed, allow time for eating. seat residents who have AD w/ other at small tables,
encourages socializing. observe and report eating or swallowing problems, also
changes in eating habits.
Agitation - ANS-resident who is excited, restless, or troubled
If a resident is agitated, the NA should.. - ANS-try to remove triggers, keep a routine,
and avoid frustration. help the resident focus on a soothing, familiar activity. stay calm
and use a low, soothing voice, this reassures the resident. place an arm around the
should or pat the resident, this may soothe some residents.
Sundowning - ANS-becoming restless and agitated in the late afternoon, evening, or
night
Sundowning is caused by... - ANS-hunger or fatigue, a change in routine or caregiver,
or any new/ frustrating situation
If the resident experiences sundowning, the NA should.. - ANS-remove triggers, give
snacks, and encourage rest, avoid stressful situations during this time. play soft music,
set a bedtime routine and keep it. recognize when sundowning occurs. remove caffeine
Study Guide-Latest Updated
Confusion - ANS-the inability to think clearly
Common causes of confusion are.. - ANS-UTI, low blood sugar, head trauma/injury,
dehydration, nutritional problems, fever, sudden drop in body temp., lack of oxygen,
medications, infections, brain tumor, diseases of illnesses, loss of sleep, seizures
Delirium - ANS-a state of severe confusion that occurs suddenly; it is usually temporary.
Signs of delirium are.. - ANS-agitation, anger, depression, irritability, disorientation,
trouble focusing, problems w/ speech, changes in sensation and perception, changes in
consciousness, decrease in short-term memory
Cognition - ANS-some of the ability to think logically and clearly may be lost
cognitive impairment - ANS-loss of ability to think logically; concentration and memory
are affected
Dementia - ANS-general term that refers to a serious loss of mental abilities; such as
thinking, remembering, reasoning, and communicating
True or False - ANS-Dementia is not a normal part of aging
Common causes of dementia - ANS-Alzheimer's disease, multi-infarct/ vascular
dementia(series of strokes causing damage to brain), lewy body dementia, Parkinson's
disease, Huntington's disease
What disease is the most common disease of dementia in elderly? - ANS-Alzheimer's
Disease(AD)
Alzheimer's disease(AD) - ANS-causes tangled nerve fibers and protein deposits to
form in brain
Guidelines of attitudes that help NA's give the best possible care for residents with AD..
- ANS-do not take things personally, be empathetic, work w/ symptoms and behaviors
notes, work as a team, be aware of difficulties associated w/ care giving, work with
family members, remember the goals of the care plan
, If a resident has problems with toileting, the NA should.. - ANS-encourage fluids, the NA
should never withhold or discourage fluids bc a resident is incontinent. NA should tell
nurse if resident is not drinking fluids. mark the bathroom w/ a sign or picture, this is
reminder of where it is and to use the toilet. make sure there is enough light in the
bathroom and on the way there. note when resident is incontinent over two to three
days, resident should be checked every 30 mins, this can help with bathroom
times.observe the toilet patterns for two to three nights to try to determine nighttime
bathroom times. take the resident to the bathroom before and after meals and before
bed. NA should actually make sure the resident actually urinates before getting off the
toilet. put the lids on trash cans, wastebaskets or other containers if the resident
urinates in them. remember the family or friends may be upset by their loved's one
incontinence. NA should be professional while cleaning after episodes of incontinence.
If a resident has problems with nutrition, the NA should.. - ANS-encourage nutritious
foods, a resident w/ AD is at risk for malnutrition. have meals at regular times each day,
the NA may need to remind the resident that it is mealtime, familiar appetizing food
should be served. make sure there is proper lighting. keep noise and distractions low
during meals. keep the task of eating simple, if resident is restless during meals, the NA
can try smaller, more frequent meals. avoid serving steaming or very hot foods or
drinks. use a simple place setting w/ a single eating utensil and remove other items from
the table. put only one item of food on plate at a time, multiple kinds of food may be
overwhelming. give simple clear instructions, residents w/ AD may not understand how
to eat or use utensils, NA should help resident sample food. guide the resident thru the
meal, NA should provide simple instruction, offering regular drinks to prevent
dehydration. use adaptive equipment, such as special spoons and bowls as needed.
feed the resident slowly, giving small pieces of food. make mealtimes simple and
relaxed, allow time for eating. seat residents who have AD w/ other at small tables,
encourages socializing. observe and report eating or swallowing problems, also
changes in eating habits.
Agitation - ANS-resident who is excited, restless, or troubled
If a resident is agitated, the NA should.. - ANS-try to remove triggers, keep a routine,
and avoid frustration. help the resident focus on a soothing, familiar activity. stay calm
and use a low, soothing voice, this reassures the resident. place an arm around the
should or pat the resident, this may soothe some residents.
Sundowning - ANS-becoming restless and agitated in the late afternoon, evening, or
night
Sundowning is caused by... - ANS-hunger or fatigue, a change in routine or caregiver,
or any new/ frustrating situation
If the resident experiences sundowning, the NA should.. - ANS-remove triggers, give
snacks, and encourage rest, avoid stressful situations during this time. play soft music,
set a bedtime routine and keep it. recognize when sundowning occurs. remove caffeine
