NUR 155 Exam 3
Framework for movement ANS: Musculoskeletal system
Controls movement, posture, balance, and gait ANS: Nervous system
Circulates oxygen and nutrients ANS: Cardiopulmonary system
Altered musculoskeletal system ANS: - Bone fragility
- Flaccidity or hypotonicity
Altered nervous system ANS: - Hemiparesis
- Hemiplegia
- Paraplegia
- Quadriplegia
Altered cardiopulmonary system ANS: - Compromised cardiac function
- Decreased tissue perfusion
- Diminished respiratory capacity
Effects of immobility on musculoskeletal system ANS: - Weakness
- Decreased muscle tone
- Decreased bone and muscle mass
- Muscle atrophy wasting
- Contracture
,Effects of immobility on nervous system ANS: Proprioception and equilibrium can be altered
Effects of immobility on cardiopulmonary system ANS: - Cardiac workload is increased
- Lung expansion is decreased
- Circulatory stasis occurs
- Pooled blood combined with weakened calf muscles can lead to deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
- Activity intolerance may develop
Effects of immobility on nutrition ANS: - Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is reduced
- Catabolism of protein leads to a negative nitrogen balance if dietary protein is insufficient
- Continued immobility may lead to anorexia and nausea
Effects of immobility on elimination ANS: - Urinary stasis may develop, and may result in UTIs and renal
calculus
- Hypomotility of the GI tract may result
Effects of immobility on skin ANS: - Pressure on bony prominences can cause tissue ischemia
- Prolonged tissue ischemia may lead to necrosis
- Pressure injuries may develop
Effects of immobility on psychosocial impact ANS: - Isolation and sensory deprivation may result
- Self-concept may be altered
- Sleep and rest patterns may be disturbed
Musculoskeletal and nervous system interventions ANS: - Early ambulating
- Isotonic exercise
,- Isometric exercise
- Aerobic exercise
- Anaerobic exercise
- Active or passive range of motion exercises
- Pain assessment and treatment
Isotonic exercise ANS: Active movement with constant muscle contraction (walking)
Isometric exercise ANS: Tensing a muscle and holding it for a short time, followed by complete
relaxation of the muscle (kegel exercises)
Aerobic exercise ANS: Have oxygen metabolism to give us energy, constant moving
Anaerobic exercise ANS: Intense physical activity that requires little oxygen but uses short bursts of
energy (lifting weights)
Positioning devices ANS: - Pillow
- Splints and braces
- Handrolls
Trochanter rolls ANS: Rolled towel support placed against the hips and upper leg to prevent external
rotation of the legs while laying supine
Log roll ANS: Method used to turn a patient with a spinal injury, in which the patient is moved to the
side in one motion
Mechanical lift ANS: - Preferred transfer method
, - Some can be used for ambulating
Steps to use mechanical lift ANS: - Place pt in harness
- Lift pt until feet are just touching the ground
- Pt walks holding onto lift device
- Lift supports pt weight
Lift equipment ANS: - Maximizes patient assistance
- Drastically reduces injuries to nurses
Cardiopulmonary interventions ANS: - Promote lung expansion
- Prevent DVT
Promoting lung expansion ANS: - Raise head of bed
- Teach routine coughing and deep-breathing
- Incentive spirometer use
- Turn and reposition
Preventing DVT ANS: - Teach patient to perform leg, ankle, and foot exercises or perform passive range
of motion
- Apply antiembolism hose or sequential compression devices
- Avoid placing pressure on lower extremities
Nutrition interventions ANS: - Offer patients meals that include lean protein
- Offer smaller, more frequent meals
- Involve patients in dietary choices
Framework for movement ANS: Musculoskeletal system
Controls movement, posture, balance, and gait ANS: Nervous system
Circulates oxygen and nutrients ANS: Cardiopulmonary system
Altered musculoskeletal system ANS: - Bone fragility
- Flaccidity or hypotonicity
Altered nervous system ANS: - Hemiparesis
- Hemiplegia
- Paraplegia
- Quadriplegia
Altered cardiopulmonary system ANS: - Compromised cardiac function
- Decreased tissue perfusion
- Diminished respiratory capacity
Effects of immobility on musculoskeletal system ANS: - Weakness
- Decreased muscle tone
- Decreased bone and muscle mass
- Muscle atrophy wasting
- Contracture
,Effects of immobility on nervous system ANS: Proprioception and equilibrium can be altered
Effects of immobility on cardiopulmonary system ANS: - Cardiac workload is increased
- Lung expansion is decreased
- Circulatory stasis occurs
- Pooled blood combined with weakened calf muscles can lead to deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
- Activity intolerance may develop
Effects of immobility on nutrition ANS: - Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is reduced
- Catabolism of protein leads to a negative nitrogen balance if dietary protein is insufficient
- Continued immobility may lead to anorexia and nausea
Effects of immobility on elimination ANS: - Urinary stasis may develop, and may result in UTIs and renal
calculus
- Hypomotility of the GI tract may result
Effects of immobility on skin ANS: - Pressure on bony prominences can cause tissue ischemia
- Prolonged tissue ischemia may lead to necrosis
- Pressure injuries may develop
Effects of immobility on psychosocial impact ANS: - Isolation and sensory deprivation may result
- Self-concept may be altered
- Sleep and rest patterns may be disturbed
Musculoskeletal and nervous system interventions ANS: - Early ambulating
- Isotonic exercise
,- Isometric exercise
- Aerobic exercise
- Anaerobic exercise
- Active or passive range of motion exercises
- Pain assessment and treatment
Isotonic exercise ANS: Active movement with constant muscle contraction (walking)
Isometric exercise ANS: Tensing a muscle and holding it for a short time, followed by complete
relaxation of the muscle (kegel exercises)
Aerobic exercise ANS: Have oxygen metabolism to give us energy, constant moving
Anaerobic exercise ANS: Intense physical activity that requires little oxygen but uses short bursts of
energy (lifting weights)
Positioning devices ANS: - Pillow
- Splints and braces
- Handrolls
Trochanter rolls ANS: Rolled towel support placed against the hips and upper leg to prevent external
rotation of the legs while laying supine
Log roll ANS: Method used to turn a patient with a spinal injury, in which the patient is moved to the
side in one motion
Mechanical lift ANS: - Preferred transfer method
, - Some can be used for ambulating
Steps to use mechanical lift ANS: - Place pt in harness
- Lift pt until feet are just touching the ground
- Pt walks holding onto lift device
- Lift supports pt weight
Lift equipment ANS: - Maximizes patient assistance
- Drastically reduces injuries to nurses
Cardiopulmonary interventions ANS: - Promote lung expansion
- Prevent DVT
Promoting lung expansion ANS: - Raise head of bed
- Teach routine coughing and deep-breathing
- Incentive spirometer use
- Turn and reposition
Preventing DVT ANS: - Teach patient to perform leg, ankle, and foot exercises or perform passive range
of motion
- Apply antiembolism hose or sequential compression devices
- Avoid placing pressure on lower extremities
Nutrition interventions ANS: - Offer patients meals that include lean protein
- Offer smaller, more frequent meals
- Involve patients in dietary choices
