Concepts of Genetics, 10e (Klug/Cummings/Spencer/Palladino)
bb bb bb bb
Chapter1
bb Introduction to Genetics b bb bb
1) Whatisthenameofthecompanyorinstitutionthathasaccesstothehealth,genealogical,and genetic
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b bb
information of approximately270,000 residents of Iceland?
bb bb bb b bb bb bb
A) National InstitutesofHealth bb bb bb
B) deCODE
C) Gattaca
D) Biogen
E) AmericanCancerSociety b b
Answer: B
bb
Section: Introduction
2) Abiotechnologycompany, deCODE,isintheprocess ofcreating adatabasethat contains
b b bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb b bb bb
.
A) thegenesequences ofall newborns intheUnitedStates beginningin2006
bb b bb bb bb bb bb b bb bb b bb
B) acompilationofalltheknown genes inhumansthroughout thefreeworld
b bb b bb b bb bb bb b bb b bb
C) health,genealogical,and geneticinformation of approximately270,000 residents of Iceland
bb bb bb bb bb bb b bb bb bb
D) acompletesequenceofthehumangenome
b b b b b b
E) alltheinformationavailableonthehumangenomeproject
b b bb b b b bb b
Answer: C
bb
Section: Introduction
3) WhydiddeCODEselect Iceland forits ambitious research project?
b b b bb bb b bb bb bb
A) arelativelylowdegreeof geneticdiversity
bb b bb bb bb bb
B) frequent and extensivemutational bursts bb bb bb bb
C) high geneticdiversity bb bb
D) lackofgenealogical information
b bb bb
E) virtualabsenceofmutation b b b
Answer: A
bb
Section: Introduction
4) Thegeneticmaterial DNAconsists ofbasicsubunits called
bb b bb b bb b b bb .
A) mitochondria
B) lysosomes
C) centrioles
D) nucleotides
E) Noneoftheanswerslistediscorrect. b b b b b b
Answer: D
bb
Section: 1.3
1
,5) Theimmediateproduct of transcription is
b bb bb bb bb .
A) aphospholipid
b
B) anaminoacid bb b
C) aprotein b
D) acarbohydrate b
E) RNA
Answer: E b b
Section: 1.3
bb
6) In manyspecies, there are two representatives ofeach chromosome. In such species, the
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
characteristic number of chromosomes is called the
bb number.Itisusuallysymbolized as bb bb bb bb bb bb b b b b bb
.
A) haploid;n b
B) haploid;2n b
C) diploid;2n b
D) diploid;n b
E) Noneoftheanswerslistediscorrect. b b b b b b
Answer: C
bb
Section: 1.2
7) Geneticsisthestudyof bb bb bb b .
A) heredityand variation b bb
B) mutationand recession bb bb
C) transcriptionandtranslation bb bb
D) diploidand haploid bb bb
E) replicationandrecombination bb bb
Answer: A
bb
Section: 1.2
8) Earlyin the twentieth century, Walter Sutton and Theodore Boveri noted that the behavior of
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
chromosomesduringmeiosisisidenticaltothebehaviorofgenesduringgameteformation.They
bb b b b b b b b b b b b b b
proposed that genes are carried on chromosomes, which led to the basis of the
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
.Answer:
b
Chromosome Theory of Inheritance bb bb bb
Section: 1.2
9) Whatisamutation? b b b
Answer: Amutationisaninheritedchangeinagene. b b b b b b b b
Section: 1.2
bb
10) What is a simple definition of an allele?bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
Answer: Analleleisavariantformofagene.
bb b b b b b b b b b b
Section: 1.2
bb
2
,11) Untilthemid-1940s, manyscientists considered proteins tobethelikelycandidates forthe
bb b bb b bb bb bb bb b b b bb b
genetic material. Why?
bb bb bb
Answer: Proteins arethemost abundant, universally distributed components in cells. Because of bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
their great structural and functional diversity, theywereconsidered likelycandidates.
b bb bb bb bb bb bb b b bb b
Section: 1.2
12) Nametheindividual who, whileworkingwith thegardenpeainthemid-1850s, demonstrated
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
quantitativepatterns of heredityand developed a theoryinvolvingthe behavior ofhereditary factors.
bb bb bb bb b bb bb bb b bb bb bb bb
Answer: GregorMendel b
Section: 1.2
bb
13) Whatdoesthetermgenetics mean? bb bb b bb bb
Answer: Geneticsisasubdisciplineofbiologyconcernedwiththestudyofheredityand
b bb bb bb bb b b bb bb bb b b b
variationat themolecular, cellular, developmental,organismal, and populational levels.
bb b bb b bb bb b bb bb bb
Section: 1.2
bb
14) Namethesubstance that serves asthehereditarymaterial in eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
Answer: DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid
bb bb bb bb
Section: 1.2
15) Nametwo individuals who providedtheconceptual basis forourpresent understanding that genes
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
are on chromosomes.
bb bb bb
Answer: WalterSuttonandTheodoreBoveri b b b b
Section: 1.2
bb
16) Whattermisusedtodescribethefactthatdifferent genesinanorganismoftenprovide
bb bb b bb bb b bb bb b bb b bb b bb bb
differences in observable features?
bb bb bb bb
Answer: phenotype
Section: 1.2
bb
17) Afundamental propertyofDNA'snitrogenous bases thatisnecessaryforthe
b bb b bb bb bb bb bb b b b
double-stranded nature of its structure is
bb . bb bb bb bb bb
Answer: complementarity
Section: 1.3
bb
18) Recombinant DNAtechnologyis dependent onaparticularclass of enzymes, known as bb b b bb bb bb b bb bb bb bb bb
,thatcutDNAatspecificnucleotidesequences.
b bb b b b b b
Answer: restrictionenzymes
bb b
Section: 1.4
19) Namethebotanistwho,in1900,rediscovered theworkofGregorMendel.
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb b bb
Answer: CarlCorrens
bb b
Section: 1.2
3
, 20) Genetics is commonly seen as being grouped into several general areas: transmission,
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
molecular,andpopulation/evolution.Whichbiologicalprocessesarestudiedintransmission
bb b b b b b b b b b
genetics?
bb
Answer: Mendelian inheritance (segregation and independent assortment), modification of bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
Mendelian patterns, and pedigree analysis
bb bb bb bb bb
Section: Introduction and SummaryPoints bb bb b
21) Whoowns transgenicorganisms?
b bb bb
Answer: Onceproduced, apatentcanbeobtainedonalivingorganism,therebyoffering bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
exclusiveuse of the transgenic organism to thepatent holder.
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
Section: 1.5
22) In 1996, a cloning experiment produced the sheep named Dolly. Contrary to the more
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
traditionalmethodofcloningbyembryosplitting,Dollywasproducedbywhichprocedure?
bb b b b b b b b b b b b b
Answer: nucleartransfer
bb b
Section: 1.4
23) Whattermisapplied toavarietyofprojects wherebygenomesequencesaredepositedin
bb bb b bb b b b b bb b bb bb b bb
databases for research purposes?
bb bb bb bb
Answer: genomics
Section: 1.6
bb
24) Thefirstdraftofthehumangenomesequencewasreportedin2001bytwogroups,the
b bb b b b bb b b bb bb bb b b bb bb
publiclyfunded
bb b _ and the private company . bb bb bb bb
Answer: HumanGenomeProject; CeleraCorporation bb bb bb bb
Section: 1.6
bb
25) A number of genomes have been sequenced in recent years: Escherichia coli,
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
Saccharomycescerevisiae,Caenorhabditiselegans,Drosophilamelanogaster,andMus
bb b b b b b b b
musculus. What are the common names for these organisms?
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
Answer: bacterium, yeast, roundworm,fruit fly,mouse bb bb bb bb bb
Section: 1.6,1.7
bb b
26) Whatismeantbythetermgenome?
bb b b b b b
Answer: ThegenomeisalltheDNAcarriedinanorganism. b b b b b b b b b
Section: 1.4
bb
27) Innonviral systems, what isthenatureofthehereditarysubstance?
bb bb bb bb b b b b bb b
Answer: DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid)isadouble-stranded polymerorganized as adouble bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
helix.
bb
Section: 1.3
28) Whatcharacterizes thecontentandfunction ofaDNAmicroarray?
b bb b b bb bb b b b
Answer: ADNAmicroarraycancarrythousandsofgenesthatcanbeusedtotestforgene
b b bb b b bb b bb b b b b b b b
expression.
bb
Section: 1.5
4
bb bb bb bb
Chapter1
bb Introduction to Genetics b bb bb
1) Whatisthenameofthecompanyorinstitutionthathasaccesstothehealth,genealogical,and genetic
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b bb
information of approximately270,000 residents of Iceland?
bb bb bb b bb bb bb
A) National InstitutesofHealth bb bb bb
B) deCODE
C) Gattaca
D) Biogen
E) AmericanCancerSociety b b
Answer: B
bb
Section: Introduction
2) Abiotechnologycompany, deCODE,isintheprocess ofcreating adatabasethat contains
b b bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb b bb bb
.
A) thegenesequences ofall newborns intheUnitedStates beginningin2006
bb b bb bb bb bb bb b bb bb b bb
B) acompilationofalltheknown genes inhumansthroughout thefreeworld
b bb b bb b bb bb bb b bb b bb
C) health,genealogical,and geneticinformation of approximately270,000 residents of Iceland
bb bb bb bb bb bb b bb bb bb
D) acompletesequenceofthehumangenome
b b b b b b
E) alltheinformationavailableonthehumangenomeproject
b b bb b b b bb b
Answer: C
bb
Section: Introduction
3) WhydiddeCODEselect Iceland forits ambitious research project?
b b b bb bb b bb bb bb
A) arelativelylowdegreeof geneticdiversity
bb b bb bb bb bb
B) frequent and extensivemutational bursts bb bb bb bb
C) high geneticdiversity bb bb
D) lackofgenealogical information
b bb bb
E) virtualabsenceofmutation b b b
Answer: A
bb
Section: Introduction
4) Thegeneticmaterial DNAconsists ofbasicsubunits called
bb b bb b bb b b bb .
A) mitochondria
B) lysosomes
C) centrioles
D) nucleotides
E) Noneoftheanswerslistediscorrect. b b b b b b
Answer: D
bb
Section: 1.3
1
,5) Theimmediateproduct of transcription is
b bb bb bb bb .
A) aphospholipid
b
B) anaminoacid bb b
C) aprotein b
D) acarbohydrate b
E) RNA
Answer: E b b
Section: 1.3
bb
6) In manyspecies, there are two representatives ofeach chromosome. In such species, the
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
characteristic number of chromosomes is called the
bb number.Itisusuallysymbolized as bb bb bb bb bb bb b b b b bb
.
A) haploid;n b
B) haploid;2n b
C) diploid;2n b
D) diploid;n b
E) Noneoftheanswerslistediscorrect. b b b b b b
Answer: C
bb
Section: 1.2
7) Geneticsisthestudyof bb bb bb b .
A) heredityand variation b bb
B) mutationand recession bb bb
C) transcriptionandtranslation bb bb
D) diploidand haploid bb bb
E) replicationandrecombination bb bb
Answer: A
bb
Section: 1.2
8) Earlyin the twentieth century, Walter Sutton and Theodore Boveri noted that the behavior of
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
chromosomesduringmeiosisisidenticaltothebehaviorofgenesduringgameteformation.They
bb b b b b b b b b b b b b b
proposed that genes are carried on chromosomes, which led to the basis of the
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
.Answer:
b
Chromosome Theory of Inheritance bb bb bb
Section: 1.2
9) Whatisamutation? b b b
Answer: Amutationisaninheritedchangeinagene. b b b b b b b b
Section: 1.2
bb
10) What is a simple definition of an allele?bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
Answer: Analleleisavariantformofagene.
bb b b b b b b b b b b
Section: 1.2
bb
2
,11) Untilthemid-1940s, manyscientists considered proteins tobethelikelycandidates forthe
bb b bb b bb bb bb bb b b b bb b
genetic material. Why?
bb bb bb
Answer: Proteins arethemost abundant, universally distributed components in cells. Because of bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
their great structural and functional diversity, theywereconsidered likelycandidates.
b bb bb bb bb bb bb b b bb b
Section: 1.2
12) Nametheindividual who, whileworkingwith thegardenpeainthemid-1850s, demonstrated
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
quantitativepatterns of heredityand developed a theoryinvolvingthe behavior ofhereditary factors.
bb bb bb bb b bb bb bb b bb bb bb bb
Answer: GregorMendel b
Section: 1.2
bb
13) Whatdoesthetermgenetics mean? bb bb b bb bb
Answer: Geneticsisasubdisciplineofbiologyconcernedwiththestudyofheredityand
b bb bb bb bb b b bb bb bb b b b
variationat themolecular, cellular, developmental,organismal, and populational levels.
bb b bb b bb bb b bb bb bb
Section: 1.2
bb
14) Namethesubstance that serves asthehereditarymaterial in eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
Answer: DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid
bb bb bb bb
Section: 1.2
15) Nametwo individuals who providedtheconceptual basis forourpresent understanding that genes
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
are on chromosomes.
bb bb bb
Answer: WalterSuttonandTheodoreBoveri b b b b
Section: 1.2
bb
16) Whattermisusedtodescribethefactthatdifferent genesinanorganismoftenprovide
bb bb b bb bb b bb bb b bb b bb b bb bb
differences in observable features?
bb bb bb bb
Answer: phenotype
Section: 1.2
bb
17) Afundamental propertyofDNA'snitrogenous bases thatisnecessaryforthe
b bb b bb bb bb bb bb b b b
double-stranded nature of its structure is
bb . bb bb bb bb bb
Answer: complementarity
Section: 1.3
bb
18) Recombinant DNAtechnologyis dependent onaparticularclass of enzymes, known as bb b b bb bb bb b bb bb bb bb bb
,thatcutDNAatspecificnucleotidesequences.
b bb b b b b b
Answer: restrictionenzymes
bb b
Section: 1.4
19) Namethebotanistwho,in1900,rediscovered theworkofGregorMendel.
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb b bb
Answer: CarlCorrens
bb b
Section: 1.2
3
, 20) Genetics is commonly seen as being grouped into several general areas: transmission,
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
molecular,andpopulation/evolution.Whichbiologicalprocessesarestudiedintransmission
bb b b b b b b b b b
genetics?
bb
Answer: Mendelian inheritance (segregation and independent assortment), modification of bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
Mendelian patterns, and pedigree analysis
bb bb bb bb bb
Section: Introduction and SummaryPoints bb bb b
21) Whoowns transgenicorganisms?
b bb bb
Answer: Onceproduced, apatentcanbeobtainedonalivingorganism,therebyoffering bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
exclusiveuse of the transgenic organism to thepatent holder.
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
Section: 1.5
22) In 1996, a cloning experiment produced the sheep named Dolly. Contrary to the more
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
traditionalmethodofcloningbyembryosplitting,Dollywasproducedbywhichprocedure?
bb b b b b b b b b b b b b
Answer: nucleartransfer
bb b
Section: 1.4
23) Whattermisapplied toavarietyofprojects wherebygenomesequencesaredepositedin
bb bb b bb b b b b bb b bb bb b bb
databases for research purposes?
bb bb bb bb
Answer: genomics
Section: 1.6
bb
24) Thefirstdraftofthehumangenomesequencewasreportedin2001bytwogroups,the
b bb b b b bb b b bb bb bb b b bb bb
publiclyfunded
bb b _ and the private company . bb bb bb bb
Answer: HumanGenomeProject; CeleraCorporation bb bb bb bb
Section: 1.6
bb
25) A number of genomes have been sequenced in recent years: Escherichia coli,
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
Saccharomycescerevisiae,Caenorhabditiselegans,Drosophilamelanogaster,andMus
bb b b b b b b b
musculus. What are the common names for these organisms?
bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
Answer: bacterium, yeast, roundworm,fruit fly,mouse bb bb bb bb bb
Section: 1.6,1.7
bb b
26) Whatismeantbythetermgenome?
bb b b b b b
Answer: ThegenomeisalltheDNAcarriedinanorganism. b b b b b b b b b
Section: 1.4
bb
27) Innonviral systems, what isthenatureofthehereditarysubstance?
bb bb bb bb b b b b bb b
Answer: DNA(deoxyribonucleic acid)isadouble-stranded polymerorganized as adouble bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb bb
helix.
bb
Section: 1.3
28) Whatcharacterizes thecontentandfunction ofaDNAmicroarray?
b bb b b bb bb b b b
Answer: ADNAmicroarraycancarrythousandsofgenesthatcanbeusedtotestforgene
b b bb b b bb b bb b b b b b b b
expression.
bb
Section: 1.5
4
