Fundamentals of Sleep Medicine: Answering Your Questions with Verified Expertise|
Updated 2025.
The Fundamentals of Sleep Medicine covers the essential concepts related to diagnosing and treating
sleep disorders. Key areas include understanding the physiology of sleep, sleep stages, and circadian
rhythms. The course also focuses on common sleep disorders like insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy,
restless leg syndrome, and parasomnias. It explores diagnostic tools, such as polysomnography, home
sleep tests, and clinical evaluation methods. Treatment options range from lifestyle modifications and
cognitive-behavioral therapy to pharmacologic therapies and the use of CPAP devices for sleep apnea.
The course emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for effective sleep medicine care.
_________________ is associated with an increase in PaCo2. - ✔✔-Decreased alveolar ventilation
A diagnosis of Excessive Fragmentary Myoclonus (EFM) requires that fragmentary myoclonus be present
for at least: - ✔✔-20 min of NREM sleep
A diagnosis of PLMD requires: - ✔✔-Adult PLMSI > 15/hr
Pediatric PLMSI > 5/ hr
A diagnosis of Sleep Related Rhythmic Movement Disorder (SRRMD) requires: - ✔✔-Behaviors result
in a significant complaint (impaired daytime function, bodily injury, interference with normal sleep)
** To be diagnosed as a "disorder," complaints must be present. Frequency of movements is 0.5-2 Hz.
Movements can occur during sleep-wake transitions.
A low filter setting of 0.3 Hz would ________________ the amplitude of 0.1 Hz signal _____________
than a 0.3 Hz signal - ✔✔-decrease; more
A low filter setting of 0.3 Hz would have ______________ effect on a 10 Hz signal. - ✔✔-minimal
A pt has stable hypoventilation with a PaCO2 of 70 mm HG. What would the expected serum HCO3 be,
assuming a normal HCO3 value is 24 mEq/L? - ✔✔-Around 33-36 mEq/L
**********
The PaCO2 is increased by 30 mm Hg to the additional HCO3 would be 3 x (3 to 4) or a 9 to 12 mEq/L
increase.
, A pt has weak expiratory muscle weakness but fairly normal inspiratory muscle weakness. Which lung
volume would be affected the most?
Total lung capacity (TLC)
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
Residual volume (RV) - ✔✔-Residual volume (RV)
About what percentage of normal individuals will have an MSL <= 8 min? - ✔✔-30%
According the AASM scoring manual, score periodic breathing in children if: - ✔✔->3 episodes, central
apnea lasting >3 seconds, separated by no more than 20 seconds
According to the AASM scoring manual, the minimum amplitude of a significant LM is: - ✔✔-> 8 uV
above baseline limb EMG activity
Alpha rhythm is characterized by: - ✔✔-8-13 Hz activity, attenuated by eye opening, most prominent in
occipital derivations
At what AGE AND ABOVE can adult scoring rules be used at the discretion of the clinician? - ✔✔-13
years
At what age do sleep spindles typically appear? - ✔✔-2-3 months
By what age can stage N1, N2, and N3 typically be scored? - ✔✔-6 months
Chronic metabolic alkalosis is associated with _________________ PaCO2, shift in hypercapnic
ventilatory response line to the _________. - ✔✔-increased; right
Dominant Posterior Rhythm (DPR) in young children is ________________ with eye colosure,
__________________ with eye opening. - ✔✔-increased; attenuated
Updated 2025.
The Fundamentals of Sleep Medicine covers the essential concepts related to diagnosing and treating
sleep disorders. Key areas include understanding the physiology of sleep, sleep stages, and circadian
rhythms. The course also focuses on common sleep disorders like insomnia, sleep apnea, narcolepsy,
restless leg syndrome, and parasomnias. It explores diagnostic tools, such as polysomnography, home
sleep tests, and clinical evaluation methods. Treatment options range from lifestyle modifications and
cognitive-behavioral therapy to pharmacologic therapies and the use of CPAP devices for sleep apnea.
The course emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach for effective sleep medicine care.
_________________ is associated with an increase in PaCo2. - ✔✔-Decreased alveolar ventilation
A diagnosis of Excessive Fragmentary Myoclonus (EFM) requires that fragmentary myoclonus be present
for at least: - ✔✔-20 min of NREM sleep
A diagnosis of PLMD requires: - ✔✔-Adult PLMSI > 15/hr
Pediatric PLMSI > 5/ hr
A diagnosis of Sleep Related Rhythmic Movement Disorder (SRRMD) requires: - ✔✔-Behaviors result
in a significant complaint (impaired daytime function, bodily injury, interference with normal sleep)
** To be diagnosed as a "disorder," complaints must be present. Frequency of movements is 0.5-2 Hz.
Movements can occur during sleep-wake transitions.
A low filter setting of 0.3 Hz would ________________ the amplitude of 0.1 Hz signal _____________
than a 0.3 Hz signal - ✔✔-decrease; more
A low filter setting of 0.3 Hz would have ______________ effect on a 10 Hz signal. - ✔✔-minimal
A pt has stable hypoventilation with a PaCO2 of 70 mm HG. What would the expected serum HCO3 be,
assuming a normal HCO3 value is 24 mEq/L? - ✔✔-Around 33-36 mEq/L
**********
The PaCO2 is increased by 30 mm Hg to the additional HCO3 would be 3 x (3 to 4) or a 9 to 12 mEq/L
increase.
, A pt has weak expiratory muscle weakness but fairly normal inspiratory muscle weakness. Which lung
volume would be affected the most?
Total lung capacity (TLC)
Functional residual capacity (FRC)
Residual volume (RV) - ✔✔-Residual volume (RV)
About what percentage of normal individuals will have an MSL <= 8 min? - ✔✔-30%
According the AASM scoring manual, score periodic breathing in children if: - ✔✔->3 episodes, central
apnea lasting >3 seconds, separated by no more than 20 seconds
According to the AASM scoring manual, the minimum amplitude of a significant LM is: - ✔✔-> 8 uV
above baseline limb EMG activity
Alpha rhythm is characterized by: - ✔✔-8-13 Hz activity, attenuated by eye opening, most prominent in
occipital derivations
At what AGE AND ABOVE can adult scoring rules be used at the discretion of the clinician? - ✔✔-13
years
At what age do sleep spindles typically appear? - ✔✔-2-3 months
By what age can stage N1, N2, and N3 typically be scored? - ✔✔-6 months
Chronic metabolic alkalosis is associated with _________________ PaCO2, shift in hypercapnic
ventilatory response line to the _________. - ✔✔-increased; right
Dominant Posterior Rhythm (DPR) in young children is ________________ with eye colosure,
__________________ with eye opening. - ✔✔-increased; attenuated
