NR 511 Chamberlain Midterm Questions and answers 2025/2026 NEW!!

NR 511 Chamberlain Midterm Questions and answers
2025/2026 NEW!!
What are common causes of N/V associated with gastritis? - Answers Alcohol, NSAIDs, ASA, ABX,
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and illicit substances
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What is the most common cause of nausea and vomiting? - Answers Acute Gastroenteritis (AGE)
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What are some manifestations of AGE? - Answers Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, fever,
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abdominal pain. May also include fatigue, malaise, anorexia, tenesmus and borborygmus.
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How is the severity of AGE gauged? - Answers Dehydration secondary to profuse watery
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diarrhea, fever greater than 101ºF (38.3ºC), vomiting, or dysentery.
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What are important parts of a patient's history when AGE is suspected? - Answers Travel, dining
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locations, ABX history..
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What happens to the pH of the stomach when antacids are taken and how does this affect
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bacteria? - Answers High pH can make it easier for bacteria to survive and cause and infection.
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How does motility of the GI tract affect bacteria colonization? - Answers Small bowel stasis as a
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result of obstruction, diverticulitis, or blind loop syndrome frequently develop an overgrowth of
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bacteria within the stagnant segment.
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Which immunoglobulin may protect the GI tract against invading organisms? - Answers
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IgA...may also help protect against a future attack by the same pathogen.
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,Onset of N/V begin within 6 hours after exposure. Is this bacterial or viral? - Answers Bacterial:
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time frame suggests food poisoning resulting from the ingestion of a preformed toxin such as that
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of Bacillus cereus.
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What two indications are highly suggestive of viral AGE? - Answers Incubation periods greater
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than 14 hours and the initial symptom of vomiting.
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If a patient presents with AGE and reports bloody stools, what can be understood about the
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reason for blood in the stool/ - Answers Mucosal damage and inflammatory process secondary
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to invasive pathogens.
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What do frothy stools and flatus suggest? - Answers Malabsorption problem.
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Patients with prolonged AGE illness who are malnourished may present with edema. What is the
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reason? - Answers Hypoalbuminemia
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T or F: Chronic diarrhea usually has a noninfectious etiology. - Answers True
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T or F: Acute diarrhea usually is caused by infectious agents or toxins - Answers True
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What is the most common viral pathogen causing AGE in adults? - Answers Norovirus
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What is the most common viral pathogen causing AGE in pediatrics? - Answers Rotavirus. This
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has been greatly reduced since the introduction of the rotavirus vaccine.
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T or F: Stool studies are indicated in the absence of bloody diarrhea or systemic disease - Answers
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False
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,T or F: A CBC will help distinguish between viral and bacterial AGE - Answers False
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When are stool studies warranted? - Answers Severe or prolonged diarrhea, a fever > 38.5ºC,
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bloody stools or stools that test positive for leukocytes or occult blood.
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What are common pathogens involved in Traveler's Diarrhea? - Answers Shigella,
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Campylobacter, and E. coli.
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What should the clinician do if the patient develops diarrhea after initiation of completion of
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antibiotic therapy? - Answers Test for C. diff.
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What are some DDx of AGE, particularly in patients with persistent or chronic diarrhea and severe
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abdominal pain? - Answers IBS, IBD, ischemic bowel disease, partial bowel obstruction, small
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bowel diverticulosis.
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What are some red flag symptoms that may indicate the need for hospitalization? - Answers
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Hypovolemia, dehydration, abnormal electrolytes, decreased renal function, bloody stool/rectal
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bleeding, weight loss, severe abdominal pain, prolonged symptoms greater than 1 week,
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pregnancy, advanced age, history of hospitalization or antibiotic use in the last 3-6 months.
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What is the usual course of treatment for AGE? - Answers Only supportive treatment is initiated
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since AGE is usually self-limiting and resolves within 1 week after onset of symptoms.
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How such patients with evidence of dehydration be treated initially? - Answers Fluid repletion
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and nutrition. Sports drinks aren't as effective as specific electrolyte replenishing drinks.
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At what point should a patient be referred to the hospital for dehydration? - Answers Signs of
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hypovolemia such as hypotension, tachycardia, pallor, and poor skin turgor.
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, T of F: Empiric antimicrobial therapy is recommended for patients with severe diarrhea suspected
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form traveling. - Answers True. Bactrim, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Floxacin.
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T or F: Antibiotic prophylaxis for patients traveling to high-risk areas is appropriate. - Answers
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True
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How effective is antibiotic prophylaxis for patients traveling to high-risk areas? - Answers 90%
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effective
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What does antibiotic prophylaxis treatment consist of? - Answers Bactrim, Ciprofloxacin,
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Norfloxacin, or Floxacin given once daily until 2 days after returning home.
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What is an appropriate symptomatic treatment for patients < 65 years or age with moderate to
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severe diarrhea? - Answers Two-day course of Loperamide (Imodium)
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What is an appropriate symptomatic treatment for patients < 65 years or age with significant
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vomiting? - Answers Two-day course of Zofran or Phenergan.
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What is the best way to prevent AGE? - Answers Hand washing.
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T or F: Kids can attend daycare with infectious diarrhea as long as they're separated from other
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children. - Answers False! Not until the diarrhea has stopped.
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If pain is present in the right lower quadrant, what might be the etiology related to bowel
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disorders? - Answers IBD, IBS, Infectious Colitis, and Constipation
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If pain is present in the left lower quadrant, what might be the etiology related to bowel
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disorders? - Answers Diverticulitis, IBS, IBD, Constipation, and Infectious Colitis.
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