2025/2026 NEW WGU D236 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
300+ ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES LATEST UPDATE
GRADED A+
Describe how your body responds to an infection ----- ACCURATE ANS>>- T cells produce cytokines,
which stimulate B cells. B cells produce antibodies.
Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities ----- ACCURATE ANS>>- Mutations in
genes or chromosomal abnormalities
How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities? ---- ACCURATE ANS>>- Alterations of DNA
Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect wellbeing ------ ACCURATE ANS>>-
(ex) Fluid and electrolyte shifts can cause n/v or dysrhythmias.
Explain RAAS -- ACCURATE ANS>>- Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release renin
> produce angiotensin I > converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II > vasoconstriction > release
aldosterone > kidneys conserve sodium and water > Result less water lost in urine and blood pressure
maintained.
DKA --- ACCURATE ANS>>- increased anion gap, decreased HCO3
How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis --- ACCURATE ANS>>- retain H and excrete HCO3
,Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte? ----ACCURATE ANS>>- Potassium
West Nile Virus ---ACCURATE ANS>>- Transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito.
Severe signs and symptoms; high fever, headache and stiff neck
Lyme disease -- ACCURATE ANS>>- Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.
Erythema infectiosum --ACCURATE ANS>>- a febrile upper respiratory illness in a child followed by the
sudden appearance of red, flushed cheeks, "fifth disease"
Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with ---------------------------------ACCURATE
ANS>>- Spina bifida
Trousseau's sign -- ACCURATE ANS>>- arm/carpal spasm associated with hypocalcemia
Cause and sign of spina bifida --- ACCURATE ANS>>- results from failure of neural tube to close. sign -
fluid filled sac on lower back.
hemophilia is more common in ----ACCURATE ANS>>- males
Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes ---- ACCURATE ANS>>- ND-PAE, decreased brain function, FAS
Connective vs muscle tissue disorders ---- ACCURATE ANS>>- Connective- RA, Scleroderma, Lupus
Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravia
Describe Lupus -- ACCURATE ANS>>- Inflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain and butterfly
rash
Describe Myasthenia Gravis --- ACCURATE ANS>>- It is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies
attack own Ach receptors. This causes weakness of skeletal muscles over the course of the day, along
with ptosis, double vision, and difficulty swallowing.
dermatitis - ACCURATE ANS>>- inflammation of the skin
,eczema -- ACCURATE ANS>>- noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness,
blisters, scabs, and itching
decubitus ulcer -- ACCURATE ANS>>- sore caused by lying down for long periods of time
Fungal infections -- ACCURATE ANS>>- superficial, localized skin conditions or deep tissue
infections caused by exposure to spores
may or may not be transmitted
benign neoplasm --ACCURATE ANS>>- noncancerous growths, stationary, distinct borders
malignant neoplasm -- ACCURATE ANS>>- uncontrolled new tissue growth, irregular borders,
spreads
Osteoporosis - ACCURATE ANS>>- The loss of bone mass often due to age, causing the bones to
become porous, brittle, and easily fractured.
osteomalacia - ACCURATE ANS>>- disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium
and vitamin D deficiency
myoglobin -- ACCURATE ANS>>- red pigment that stores oxygen in muscle cells
Bursa -- ACCURATE ANS>>- fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over
another
Rickets -- ACCURATE ANS>>- a vitamin D deficiency in children, resulting in soft bones
Degenerative disk disease --- ACCURATE ANS>>- A condition in which an intervertebral disk loses its
normal structural integrity as a result of wear and tear, acute or repeated injuries or aging
Paget disease ---ACCURATE ANS>>- Chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and
softening of bones, that can occur in any bone but most commonly affects the long bones of the legs,
the lower spine, the pelvis, and the skull
communiuted fracture -- ACCURATE ANS>>- splintered into many pieces
Three types of skin cancer --- ACCURATE ANS>>- 1. Basal cell carcinoma
2. Squamous cell carcinoma
, 3. Melanoma
basal cell carcinoma --- ACCURATE ANS>>- Most common and least severe type of skin cancer; often
characterized by light or pearly nodules. Rarely metastasize, most common on face due to sun
exposure
squamous cell carcinoma - ---ACCURATE ANS>>- Type of skin cancer more serious than basal cell
carcinoma; often characterized by scaly red crusted papules or firm nodules.
Melanoma -- ACCURATE ANS>>- The most serious form of skin cancer, caucasian males at highest
risk, usually black or brown lesion
consequences when integumentary system is disrupted ---- ACCURATE ANS>>- impaired immunity
types of burns --- ACCURATE ANS>>- Superficial (1st degree) - red/painful Partial-
thickness (2nd degree) -wet/pink/painful
Full-thickness (3rd degree) -white/swollen/no pain
Viltigo -- ACCURATE ANS>>- localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk- white patches
ischemic CVA vs hemorrhagic CVA --- ACCURATE ANS>>- ischemic - clot vs hemorrhagic
- blood
subdural hematoma -- ACCURATE ANS>>- collection of blood under the dura mater
Alzheimer's disease vs parkinson's disease ----ACCURATE ANS>>- Alz - affects language and
memory
Park - affects all executive functioning
Huntington's disease --- ACCURATE ANS>>- Genetic disorder that causes progressive deterioration of
brain cells. caused by a dominant allele. symptoms do not appear until about the age of 30. involves
involuntary muscle movement
Sclerosis -- ACCURATE ANS>>- abnormal condition of hardening
300+ ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES LATEST UPDATE
GRADED A+
Describe how your body responds to an infection ----- ACCURATE ANS>>- T cells produce cytokines,
which stimulate B cells. B cells produce antibodies.
Identify role of DNA changes in congenital abnormalities ----- ACCURATE ANS>>- Mutations in
genes or chromosomal abnormalities
How does development disrupts congenital abnormalities? ---- ACCURATE ANS>>- Alterations of DNA
Describes factors that disrupt homeostasis and how disruptions affect wellbeing ------ ACCURATE ANS>>-
(ex) Fluid and electrolyte shifts can cause n/v or dysrhythmias.
Explain RAAS -- ACCURATE ANS>>- Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
1. Reduce blood flow causes kidneys to release renin
> produce angiotensin I > converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II > vasoconstriction > release
aldosterone > kidneys conserve sodium and water > Result less water lost in urine and blood pressure
maintained.
DKA --- ACCURATE ANS>>- increased anion gap, decreased HCO3
How do kidneys compensate for alkalosis --- ACCURATE ANS>>- retain H and excrete HCO3
,Untreated acidosis leads to an increase in which electrolyte? ----ACCURATE ANS>>- Potassium
West Nile Virus ---ACCURATE ANS>>- Transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito.
Severe signs and symptoms; high fever, headache and stiff neck
Lyme disease -- ACCURATE ANS>>- Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.
Erythema infectiosum --ACCURATE ANS>>- a febrile upper respiratory illness in a child followed by the
sudden appearance of red, flushed cheeks, "fifth disease"
Obesity ad diabetes are risk factors for having a child with ---------------------------------ACCURATE
ANS>>- Spina bifida
Trousseau's sign -- ACCURATE ANS>>- arm/carpal spasm associated with hypocalcemia
Cause and sign of spina bifida --- ACCURATE ANS>>- results from failure of neural tube to close. sign -
fluid filled sac on lower back.
hemophilia is more common in ----ACCURATE ANS>>- males
Prenatal exposure to alcohol includes ---- ACCURATE ANS>>- ND-PAE, decreased brain function, FAS
Connective vs muscle tissue disorders ---- ACCURATE ANS>>- Connective- RA, Scleroderma, Lupus
Muscle - MS, Muscular dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravia
Describe Lupus -- ACCURATE ANS>>- Inflammatory disorder characterized by joint pain and butterfly
rash
Describe Myasthenia Gravis --- ACCURATE ANS>>- It is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies
attack own Ach receptors. This causes weakness of skeletal muscles over the course of the day, along
with ptosis, double vision, and difficulty swallowing.
dermatitis - ACCURATE ANS>>- inflammation of the skin
,eczema -- ACCURATE ANS>>- noninfectious, inflammatory skin disease characterized by redness,
blisters, scabs, and itching
decubitus ulcer -- ACCURATE ANS>>- sore caused by lying down for long periods of time
Fungal infections -- ACCURATE ANS>>- superficial, localized skin conditions or deep tissue
infections caused by exposure to spores
may or may not be transmitted
benign neoplasm --ACCURATE ANS>>- noncancerous growths, stationary, distinct borders
malignant neoplasm -- ACCURATE ANS>>- uncontrolled new tissue growth, irregular borders,
spreads
Osteoporosis - ACCURATE ANS>>- The loss of bone mass often due to age, causing the bones to
become porous, brittle, and easily fractured.
osteomalacia - ACCURATE ANS>>- disease marked by softening of the bone caused by calcium
and vitamin D deficiency
myoglobin -- ACCURATE ANS>>- red pigment that stores oxygen in muscle cells
Bursa -- ACCURATE ANS>>- fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over
another
Rickets -- ACCURATE ANS>>- a vitamin D deficiency in children, resulting in soft bones
Degenerative disk disease --- ACCURATE ANS>>- A condition in which an intervertebral disk loses its
normal structural integrity as a result of wear and tear, acute or repeated injuries or aging
Paget disease ---ACCURATE ANS>>- Chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and
softening of bones, that can occur in any bone but most commonly affects the long bones of the legs,
the lower spine, the pelvis, and the skull
communiuted fracture -- ACCURATE ANS>>- splintered into many pieces
Three types of skin cancer --- ACCURATE ANS>>- 1. Basal cell carcinoma
2. Squamous cell carcinoma
, 3. Melanoma
basal cell carcinoma --- ACCURATE ANS>>- Most common and least severe type of skin cancer; often
characterized by light or pearly nodules. Rarely metastasize, most common on face due to sun
exposure
squamous cell carcinoma - ---ACCURATE ANS>>- Type of skin cancer more serious than basal cell
carcinoma; often characterized by scaly red crusted papules or firm nodules.
Melanoma -- ACCURATE ANS>>- The most serious form of skin cancer, caucasian males at highest
risk, usually black or brown lesion
consequences when integumentary system is disrupted ---- ACCURATE ANS>>- impaired immunity
types of burns --- ACCURATE ANS>>- Superficial (1st degree) - red/painful Partial-
thickness (2nd degree) -wet/pink/painful
Full-thickness (3rd degree) -white/swollen/no pain
Viltigo -- ACCURATE ANS>>- localized loss of skin pigmentation characterized by milk- white patches
ischemic CVA vs hemorrhagic CVA --- ACCURATE ANS>>- ischemic - clot vs hemorrhagic
- blood
subdural hematoma -- ACCURATE ANS>>- collection of blood under the dura mater
Alzheimer's disease vs parkinson's disease ----ACCURATE ANS>>- Alz - affects language and
memory
Park - affects all executive functioning
Huntington's disease --- ACCURATE ANS>>- Genetic disorder that causes progressive deterioration of
brain cells. caused by a dominant allele. symptoms do not appear until about the age of 30. involves
involuntary muscle movement
Sclerosis -- ACCURATE ANS>>- abnormal condition of hardening
