BIOD 210 GENETICS FINAL EXAM 2025-2026
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALE LATEST UPDATE (GRADED A+)
1. What is an example of early selective
breeding? ACCURATE ANS--Domesticated
wolves into dog were used for hunting, herding,
guarding, retrieving, tracking and companion. 1.
Who proposed epigenesis: William Harvey
2. What year did genetics start to change into
what we know today? ACCURATE ANS--Who
proposed this theory? ACCURATE ANS--What
did this theory entail? ACCURATE ANS--
1600s; William Harvey; proposed epigenesis that
was a concept that is now known to have correctly
hypothesized that a fertilized human egg
undergoes specific developmental events and
eventually leads to the formation of a human.
3. Before the theory of epigenesis, what theory
was known about genetics? ACCURATE
ANS--Preformation, in which a fertilized egg
contained a tiny version of a completely developed
adult termed homunculus.
4. Who proposed the cell theory? ACCURATE
, ANS-- What does this theory entail. Matthias
Schleiden and Theodor Schwann proposed that all
living organisms were composed of organized
structures called cells and that these cells were
derived from identical precursor cells.
5. What theory debunked spontaneous
generation? ACCURATE ANS--What is
spontaneous generation. Cell theory:
spontaneous generation states that living things
could spontaneously generate from nonliving
components.
6. Who published the book The Origin oof
Species 1859? ACCURATE ANS--What did it
entail. Charles Darwin: proposed theory of natural
selection that more offsprings are produced than an
environment can support. The strongest will
survive, and adaptive variates lead to evolution.
7. Example of evolution. In a mountain climate, a
mountain lion that can climb well will pass it down to
their offspring and/or improve the ability to climb. Artic
climate with thick fur and/or white to blend in. Over
time, the animals that have these very specialized
traits will continue to survive and adapt and even
create new species over time.
8. What is an example of evolution within humans
that is still seen today. Yes, humans still evolve.
For example, the gene that allows up to digest
lactose. However, a gene variation exists that allows
people to make lactase throughout their lives.
, 9. What is the definition of genetics. The study of
heredity.
10. T/F: a gene has an exact place a chromosomes
11. What does the chromosomal theory of
inheritance state. Both hereditary and
development depended on the passing of genetic
information via genes that were contained within
chromosomes.
12. How many total chromosomes do humans
have? ACCURATE ANS--Or what is the
diploid number. 46 chromosomes
13. How many sets of chromosomes do humans
have? ACCURATE ANS--Or haploid number.
23 sets
14. What makes up the 23 sets of chromosomes.
22 paired homologous chromosomes and 1 set
of X or Y chromosomes (sex chromosomes)
15. Units of heredity which are transferred from
a parent to offspring and are held to
determine some characteristic of the
offspring. Genes
16. What are alleles. Variations among the same gene
resulting from a mutation in that gene.
17. What is a phenotype. An observable feature
produced by a certain gene. Tall/short, dark
hair/light hair
18. What is a genotype. Referring to the pair of alleles
that make up a trait. You cannot see this.
19. What was the earliest scientific model of
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALE LATEST UPDATE (GRADED A+)
1. What is an example of early selective
breeding? ACCURATE ANS--Domesticated
wolves into dog were used for hunting, herding,
guarding, retrieving, tracking and companion. 1.
Who proposed epigenesis: William Harvey
2. What year did genetics start to change into
what we know today? ACCURATE ANS--Who
proposed this theory? ACCURATE ANS--What
did this theory entail? ACCURATE ANS--
1600s; William Harvey; proposed epigenesis that
was a concept that is now known to have correctly
hypothesized that a fertilized human egg
undergoes specific developmental events and
eventually leads to the formation of a human.
3. Before the theory of epigenesis, what theory
was known about genetics? ACCURATE
ANS--Preformation, in which a fertilized egg
contained a tiny version of a completely developed
adult termed homunculus.
4. Who proposed the cell theory? ACCURATE
, ANS-- What does this theory entail. Matthias
Schleiden and Theodor Schwann proposed that all
living organisms were composed of organized
structures called cells and that these cells were
derived from identical precursor cells.
5. What theory debunked spontaneous
generation? ACCURATE ANS--What is
spontaneous generation. Cell theory:
spontaneous generation states that living things
could spontaneously generate from nonliving
components.
6. Who published the book The Origin oof
Species 1859? ACCURATE ANS--What did it
entail. Charles Darwin: proposed theory of natural
selection that more offsprings are produced than an
environment can support. The strongest will
survive, and adaptive variates lead to evolution.
7. Example of evolution. In a mountain climate, a
mountain lion that can climb well will pass it down to
their offspring and/or improve the ability to climb. Artic
climate with thick fur and/or white to blend in. Over
time, the animals that have these very specialized
traits will continue to survive and adapt and even
create new species over time.
8. What is an example of evolution within humans
that is still seen today. Yes, humans still evolve.
For example, the gene that allows up to digest
lactose. However, a gene variation exists that allows
people to make lactase throughout their lives.
, 9. What is the definition of genetics. The study of
heredity.
10. T/F: a gene has an exact place a chromosomes
11. What does the chromosomal theory of
inheritance state. Both hereditary and
development depended on the passing of genetic
information via genes that were contained within
chromosomes.
12. How many total chromosomes do humans
have? ACCURATE ANS--Or what is the
diploid number. 46 chromosomes
13. How many sets of chromosomes do humans
have? ACCURATE ANS--Or haploid number.
23 sets
14. What makes up the 23 sets of chromosomes.
22 paired homologous chromosomes and 1 set
of X or Y chromosomes (sex chromosomes)
15. Units of heredity which are transferred from
a parent to offspring and are held to
determine some characteristic of the
offspring. Genes
16. What are alleles. Variations among the same gene
resulting from a mutation in that gene.
17. What is a phenotype. An observable feature
produced by a certain gene. Tall/short, dark
hair/light hair
18. What is a genotype. Referring to the pair of alleles
that make up a trait. You cannot see this.
19. What was the earliest scientific model of
