McCance Pathophysiology chapter 1 sample questions
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1. Chapter 1: Cellular Biol- ANS: C
ogy In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other sub-
stances from their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive
MULTIPLE CHOICE in their descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
1. Which statement PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
best describes the cel-
lular function of meta-
bolic absorption?
a.
Cells can produce pro-
teins.
b.
Cells can secrete diges-
tive enzymes.
c.
Cells can take in and
use nutrients.
d.
Cells can synthesize
fats.
2. 2. Most of a cell's genet- ANS: C
ic information, includ- The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed
ing RNA and DNA, is largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins,
contained in the: such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not
a. contain most of a cell's genetic information.
Mitochondria
b. PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
, McCance Pathophysiology chapter 1 sample questions
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Ribosome
c.
Nucleolus
d.
Lysosome
3. 3. Which component ANS: B
of the cell pro- Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use
duces hydrogen per- oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative
oxide (H2O2) by us- reaction that produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially
ing oxygen to remove destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes
hydrogen atoms from are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the
specific substrates in nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear
an oxidative reaction? envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures
that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 diges-
a. tive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids,
Lysosomes nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme
production.
b.
Peroxisomes PTS: 1 REF: Page 8
c.
Ribosomes
d.
Oxyhydrosomes
4. 4. Which cell compo- ANS: D
nent is capable of cellu- The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful
lar autodigestion when digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing
it is released during cell their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by
injury? various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal
enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing
, McCance Pathophysiology chapter 1 sample questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_58kce5
a. Ribosome cellular self-digestion. The other options do not correctly describe this
process.
b. Golgi complex
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 7-8
c. Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
d. Lysosomes
5. 7. What organic com- ANS: C
pound facilitates trans- Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for sub-
portation across cell stances moving in and out of the cell; (2) pores or transport channels
membranes by acting for various electrically charged particles called ions or electrolytes and
as receptors, trans- specific carriers for amino acids and monosaccharides; and (3) specific
port channels for elec- enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certain
trolytes, and enzymes ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentra-
to drive active pumps? tions of other ions, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations
a. found in the extracellular environment. The other options do not correctly
Lipids describe this process.
b.
Proteases PTS: 1 REF: Page 13 | Page 15
c.
Proteins
d.
Carbohydrates
6. 8. Understanding the ANS: B
various steps of pro- Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for
teolytic cascades, such designing drug interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features promi-
as caspase-mediated nently in many human diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity, and
apoptosis and comple- neurodegenerative disorders. The other options do not correctly describe
ment cascades, may this process.
be useful in designing
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_58kce5
1. Chapter 1: Cellular Biol- ANS: C
ogy In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other sub-
stances from their surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive
MULTIPLE CHOICE in their descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.
1. Which statement PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
best describes the cel-
lular function of meta-
bolic absorption?
a.
Cells can produce pro-
teins.
b.
Cells can secrete diges-
tive enzymes.
c.
Cells can take in and
use nutrients.
d.
Cells can synthesize
fats.
2. 2. Most of a cell's genet- ANS: C
ic information, includ- The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed
ing RNA and DNA, is largely of RNA, most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins,
contained in the: such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other options do not
a. contain most of a cell's genetic information.
Mitochondria
b. PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
, McCance Pathophysiology chapter 1 sample questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_58kce5
Ribosome
c.
Nucleolus
d.
Lysosome
3. 3. Which component ANS: B
of the cell pro- Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use
duces hydrogen per- oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative
oxide (H2O2) by us- reaction that produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially
ing oxygen to remove destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes
hydrogen atoms from are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the
specific substrates in nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear
an oxidative reaction? envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures
that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 diges-
a. tive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids,
Lysosomes nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme
production.
b.
Peroxisomes PTS: 1 REF: Page 8
c.
Ribosomes
d.
Oxyhydrosomes
4. 4. Which cell compo- ANS: D
nent is capable of cellu- The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful
lar autodigestion when digestive enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing
it is released during cell their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by
injury? various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal
enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing
, McCance Pathophysiology chapter 1 sample questions
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_58kce5
a. Ribosome cellular self-digestion. The other options do not correctly describe this
process.
b. Golgi complex
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 7-8
c. Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
d. Lysosomes
5. 7. What organic com- ANS: C
pound facilitates trans- Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for sub-
portation across cell stances moving in and out of the cell; (2) pores or transport channels
membranes by acting for various electrically charged particles called ions or electrolytes and
as receptors, trans- specific carriers for amino acids and monosaccharides; and (3) specific
port channels for elec- enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certain
trolytes, and enzymes ions, particularly potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentra-
to drive active pumps? tions of other ions, for example, sodium (Na+), below the concentrations
a. found in the extracellular environment. The other options do not correctly
Lipids describe this process.
b.
Proteases PTS: 1 REF: Page 13 | Page 15
c.
Proteins
d.
Carbohydrates
6. 8. Understanding the ANS: B
various steps of pro- Understanding the various steps involved in this process is crucial for
teolytic cascades, such designing drug interventions. Dysregulation of proteases features promi-
as caspase-mediated nently in many human diseases, including cancer, autoimmunity, and
apoptosis and comple- neurodegenerative disorders. The other options do not correctly describe
ment cascades, may this process.
be useful in designing
