NUR 211 Final Exam questions with
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correct answers
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what does the use of accessory muscles indicate - CORRECT
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
ANSWERS ✔✔an attempt to increase lung volume that results in
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
fatigue is not effective ventilation. indicates ventilatory fatigue,
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
air hunger, or decreased lung expansion
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
how does oxygenation of tissues take place - CORRECT ANSWERS
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
✔✔ventilation; the process of moving gases into and out of the
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
lungs
|/
perfusion; the cardiovascular system pumping oxygenated blood
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
to the tissues and return deoxygenated blood to the lungs
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
diffusion; exchange of respiratory gases in the alveoli and
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
capillaries
|/
how are respirations regulated (chemical and neural) - CORRECT
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
ANSWERS ✔✔neural regulation- CNS controls the respiratory
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
rate, depth, and rhythm and cerbral cortex control voluntary
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
respirations
|/
chemical regulation - maintains the rate and depth of respirations
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
based on changes in the blood concentrations of CO2 and O2
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
and in pH, SO the chemoreceptors sense these changes in
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
chemicals and stimulate the nervous system to adjust
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
Factors affecting oxygenation - physiology - CORRECT ANSWERS
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
✔✔decreased o2 carrying capacity, hypovolemia (low blood
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
,|/ volume, less hemoglobin to carry O2 through vessels), decreased
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
|/ inspired O2 conc., increased metabolic rate (infection, sepsis),
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
factors affecting oxygenation - chest wall movement - CORRECT
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
ANSWERS ✔✔prgnancy, obesity, neuromuscular disease,
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/
musculoskeletal deformities, trauma, alterations to CNS
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
COPD and oxygenation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-these pts have
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
adapted to a high level of CO2, so the CO2 sensitive receptors
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
do not function
|/ |/ |/
-COPD pts stimulus to breathe is low O2, while normally it is high
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
CO2
|/
-receptors in the aortic arch and carotid bodies are sensitive to
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
low O2 level causing increased ventilation when low O2
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
-SO, administering high levels of O2 to these pts prevents their
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
O2 level from falling and stimulating the receptors, which
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
REMOVES THEIR STIMULUS TO BREATHE
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/
hyper and hypo ventilation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔hyper-
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
breathing in excess of what is required to remove CO2
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
hypo- inadequate breathing to meet bodys O2 demands or needs
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
to eliminate CO2
|/ |/ |/
nursing notes on oxygenation - developmental factors - CORRECT
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
ANSWERS ✔✔-mental status changes are 1st sign of respiratory
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
problem
|/ |/
-may not complain of dyspea until it affects ADLs
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
,- changes in coughing mechanism may lead to retention of
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
secretions and atelectasis (when using cough suppressants)
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
-diminshed respiratory muscles from changes in thorax lead to |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
issues w chest expansion
|/ |/ |/ |/
nursing note on oxygenation - lifestyle - CORRECT ANSWERS
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
✔✔smoking (heart disease, COPD, lung cancer), substance abuse
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
(impairs tissue perfusion), stress (increases metabolic rate and
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
oxygen demand of the body)
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/
nursing note on oxygenation - environmental factors - CORRECT
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
ANSWERS ✔✔the incidence of pulmonary disease is higher in
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
smoggy, urban areas
|/ |/ |/
-work place risks include asbestosis, coccidiodomycosis
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/
thorough assessment of oxygenation and systems - CORRECT
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
ANSWERS ✔✔past impairments of circulatory or respiratory
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
function, methods pt uses to optimize oxygenation, review of
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
allergies, physical examination, lab and diagnostic tests.
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
-HX of chest pain, dyspnea, wheezing, resp. infections, meds,
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
fatigue, cough, smoking, exposures
|/ |/ |/ |/
-EXAMINE skin and mucous membranes, LOC, breathing patterns,
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
chest wall movement, palpate chest, feet, legs, pulses,
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
auscultate heart and lung sounds
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/
how to assess breath sounds - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔rate,
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
volume (shallow or deep), rhythm (regular or irregular), effort,
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
AP:LAT diameter (1:2), cough (productive or not) - amt., color,
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
consistency, odor
|/ |/
, what causes decreased or absent breath sounds - CORRECT
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
ANSWERS ✔✔pneumothorax, emphysema, removed lung lobes,
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
obstruction, atelectasis
|/ |/
difference between hypoxia and hypoxemia - CORRECT ANSWERS
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
✔✔hypoxia - inadequate tissue oxygenation at cell level
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
hypoxemia - low level of oxygen in arterial blood
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
what is a more invasive way than pulse oximetry of determining
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
level of oxygenation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔arterial blood
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
gases (ABGs) - invasive way to measure partial pressure of O2 in
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
blood. NORMAL 80-100
|/ |/ |/
acute hypoxia - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔SUDDEN - causes? -
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
obstructed airway, pulmonary embolism, impaired ventilation
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
(asthma, pneumonia)
|/ |/
SX- anxious, sitting up, increased RR and HR, confusion, behavior
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
changes, nasal flaring - cyanosis is a late sign
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
chronic hypoxia - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔long term - Causes? -
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
COPD, anemia, impaired ventilation, cardiac abnormalities
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
SX- fatigue, lethargy, clubbed fingers, barrel chest, SOA,
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, orthopnea, activity intolerance
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
define orthopnea - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔shortness of breath
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
that occurs when lying flat
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/
correct answers
|/ |/
what does the use of accessory muscles indicate - CORRECT
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
ANSWERS ✔✔an attempt to increase lung volume that results in
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
fatigue is not effective ventilation. indicates ventilatory fatigue,
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
air hunger, or decreased lung expansion
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
how does oxygenation of tissues take place - CORRECT ANSWERS
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
✔✔ventilation; the process of moving gases into and out of the
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
lungs
|/
perfusion; the cardiovascular system pumping oxygenated blood
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
to the tissues and return deoxygenated blood to the lungs
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
diffusion; exchange of respiratory gases in the alveoli and
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
capillaries
|/
how are respirations regulated (chemical and neural) - CORRECT
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
ANSWERS ✔✔neural regulation- CNS controls the respiratory
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
rate, depth, and rhythm and cerbral cortex control voluntary
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
respirations
|/
chemical regulation - maintains the rate and depth of respirations
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
based on changes in the blood concentrations of CO2 and O2
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
and in pH, SO the chemoreceptors sense these changes in
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
chemicals and stimulate the nervous system to adjust
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
Factors affecting oxygenation - physiology - CORRECT ANSWERS
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
✔✔decreased o2 carrying capacity, hypovolemia (low blood
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
,|/ volume, less hemoglobin to carry O2 through vessels), decreased
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
|/ inspired O2 conc., increased metabolic rate (infection, sepsis),
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
factors affecting oxygenation - chest wall movement - CORRECT
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
ANSWERS ✔✔prgnancy, obesity, neuromuscular disease,
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/
musculoskeletal deformities, trauma, alterations to CNS
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
COPD and oxygenation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-these pts have
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
adapted to a high level of CO2, so the CO2 sensitive receptors
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
do not function
|/ |/ |/
-COPD pts stimulus to breathe is low O2, while normally it is high
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
CO2
|/
-receptors in the aortic arch and carotid bodies are sensitive to
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
low O2 level causing increased ventilation when low O2
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
-SO, administering high levels of O2 to these pts prevents their
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
O2 level from falling and stimulating the receptors, which
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
REMOVES THEIR STIMULUS TO BREATHE
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/
hyper and hypo ventilation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔hyper-
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
breathing in excess of what is required to remove CO2
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
hypo- inadequate breathing to meet bodys O2 demands or needs
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
to eliminate CO2
|/ |/ |/
nursing notes on oxygenation - developmental factors - CORRECT
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
ANSWERS ✔✔-mental status changes are 1st sign of respiratory
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
problem
|/ |/
-may not complain of dyspea until it affects ADLs
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
,- changes in coughing mechanism may lead to retention of
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
secretions and atelectasis (when using cough suppressants)
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
-diminshed respiratory muscles from changes in thorax lead to |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
issues w chest expansion
|/ |/ |/ |/
nursing note on oxygenation - lifestyle - CORRECT ANSWERS
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
✔✔smoking (heart disease, COPD, lung cancer), substance abuse
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
(impairs tissue perfusion), stress (increases metabolic rate and
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
oxygen demand of the body)
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/
nursing note on oxygenation - environmental factors - CORRECT
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
ANSWERS ✔✔the incidence of pulmonary disease is higher in
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
smoggy, urban areas
|/ |/ |/
-work place risks include asbestosis, coccidiodomycosis
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/
thorough assessment of oxygenation and systems - CORRECT
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
ANSWERS ✔✔past impairments of circulatory or respiratory
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
function, methods pt uses to optimize oxygenation, review of
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
allergies, physical examination, lab and diagnostic tests.
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
-HX of chest pain, dyspnea, wheezing, resp. infections, meds,
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
fatigue, cough, smoking, exposures
|/ |/ |/ |/
-EXAMINE skin and mucous membranes, LOC, breathing patterns,
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
chest wall movement, palpate chest, feet, legs, pulses,
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
auscultate heart and lung sounds
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/
how to assess breath sounds - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔rate,
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
volume (shallow or deep), rhythm (regular or irregular), effort,
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
AP:LAT diameter (1:2), cough (productive or not) - amt., color,
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
consistency, odor
|/ |/
, what causes decreased or absent breath sounds - CORRECT
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
ANSWERS ✔✔pneumothorax, emphysema, removed lung lobes,
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
obstruction, atelectasis
|/ |/
difference between hypoxia and hypoxemia - CORRECT ANSWERS
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
✔✔hypoxia - inadequate tissue oxygenation at cell level
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
hypoxemia - low level of oxygen in arterial blood
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
what is a more invasive way than pulse oximetry of determining
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
level of oxygenation - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔arterial blood
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
gases (ABGs) - invasive way to measure partial pressure of O2 in
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
blood. NORMAL 80-100
|/ |/ |/
acute hypoxia - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔SUDDEN - causes? -
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
obstructed airway, pulmonary embolism, impaired ventilation
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
(asthma, pneumonia)
|/ |/
SX- anxious, sitting up, increased RR and HR, confusion, behavior
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
changes, nasal flaring - cyanosis is a late sign
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
chronic hypoxia - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔long term - Causes? -
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
COPD, anemia, impaired ventilation, cardiac abnormalities
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
SX- fatigue, lethargy, clubbed fingers, barrel chest, SOA,
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, orthopnea, activity intolerance
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
define orthopnea - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔shortness of breath
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/ |/
that occurs when lying flat
|/ |/ |/ |/ |/
