PLTW MEDICAL INTERVENTIONS QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS 2025/2026 RATED A+
✔✔Hearing Aid - ✔✔An electronic device usually worn by a person for amplifying sound
before it reaches the receptor organs.
✔✔Who developed vaccines - ✔✔Edward Jenner (Small Pox with Cow Pox)
✔✔Live-attenuated Vaccines - ✔✔Live pathogen, but weakened. May cause minor
illness in rare cases.
✔✔Inactivated Vaccines - ✔✔Pathogen has been completely killed. Frequently requires
boosters.
✔✔Recombinant DNA - ✔✔A DNA molecule made in vitro with segments from different
sources
✔✔Restriction Enzyme - ✔✔A degradative enzyme that recognizes specific nucleotide
sequences and cuts up DNA
✔✔Vectors - ✔✔Vehicles for DNA to move
✔✔Epidemiologist - ✔✔Master's Degree and $65,000
✔✔Attack Rate - ✔✔Sick/exposed
✔✔ Medical Intervention - ✔✔Any measure whose purpose is to improve health or alter
the course of disease
Medical interventions help maintain health and homeostasis in the body.
✔✔Pathogen - ✔✔A specific causative agent of disease
✔✔Outbreak - ✔✔A sudden rise in the incidence of a disease
✔✔Patient Symptoms/Risk Factors Organizer - ✔✔Chart detailing information about
patients' symptoms and any part of their lifestyle or background that may increase their
risk for certain diseases.
✔✔Primer - ✔✔Complimentary DNA segment that allows the enzyme to bind to the
DNA for DNA replication.
✔✔Bioinformatics - ✔✔The collection, classification, storage, and analysis of
biochemical and biological information using computers especially as applied in
molecular genetics and genomics.
, ✔✔Genome - ✔✔An organisms genetic material
✔✔PCR Amplification - ✔✔Melt: Highest temp, separates strands
Anneal: Lowest temp, primers attach
Extend: Medium temp, DNA replicates (Polymerase)
Final Extension: Ten minutes at medium temp, ensure DNA has finished replicating
✔✔DNA Sequencing - ✔✔The DNA is placed in order by size (smallest to largest) using
gel electrophoresis or a similar method. It is then tagged by color (using fluorescent
markers on the stoppers of the DNA) as to what nucleotide it represents. The
nucleotides in size order are the DNA sequence. The bacteria can be identified using
BLAST
✔✔Solute - ✔✔Substance dissolved in another substance
✔✔Solvent - ✔✔A substance, usually a liquid, in which another substance is dissolved.
✔✔Solution - ✔✔A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. They may be in
any state of matter.
✔✔Concentration - ✔✔The amount of a specified substance in a unit amount of another
substance
✔✔Antibody - ✔✔An antigen-binding immunoglobulin, produced by B cells, that
functions as the effector in an immune response
✔✔Antigen - ✔✔A foreign macromolecule that does not belong to the host organism
and elicits an immune response
✔✔ELISA - ✔✔(Enzyme-linked Immunosorbant Assay) A quantitative in vitro test for an
antibody or antigen in which the test material is absorbed on a surface and exposed
either to a complex of an enzyme linked to an antibody specific for the antigen or an
enzyme linked to an anti-immunoglobulin specific for the antibody followed by reaction
of the enzyme with a substrate to yield a colored product corresponding to the
concentration of the test material.
✔✔ELISA Steps - ✔✔1. The sample is added to a plastic well, where the proteins are
bound to the cell wall. A detergent washes away unbound proteins while preventing
more proteins from binding to the cell wall.
2. The Primary Antibody binds to a specific antigen in the cell. Excess is washed away.
3. The Secondary Antibody, which is bound to the enzyme, is added. Excess is washed
away.
4. The enzyme substrate is added, causing the liquid to turn blue (oxidation)
SOLUTIONS 2025/2026 RATED A+
✔✔Hearing Aid - ✔✔An electronic device usually worn by a person for amplifying sound
before it reaches the receptor organs.
✔✔Who developed vaccines - ✔✔Edward Jenner (Small Pox with Cow Pox)
✔✔Live-attenuated Vaccines - ✔✔Live pathogen, but weakened. May cause minor
illness in rare cases.
✔✔Inactivated Vaccines - ✔✔Pathogen has been completely killed. Frequently requires
boosters.
✔✔Recombinant DNA - ✔✔A DNA molecule made in vitro with segments from different
sources
✔✔Restriction Enzyme - ✔✔A degradative enzyme that recognizes specific nucleotide
sequences and cuts up DNA
✔✔Vectors - ✔✔Vehicles for DNA to move
✔✔Epidemiologist - ✔✔Master's Degree and $65,000
✔✔Attack Rate - ✔✔Sick/exposed
✔✔ Medical Intervention - ✔✔Any measure whose purpose is to improve health or alter
the course of disease
Medical interventions help maintain health and homeostasis in the body.
✔✔Pathogen - ✔✔A specific causative agent of disease
✔✔Outbreak - ✔✔A sudden rise in the incidence of a disease
✔✔Patient Symptoms/Risk Factors Organizer - ✔✔Chart detailing information about
patients' symptoms and any part of their lifestyle or background that may increase their
risk for certain diseases.
✔✔Primer - ✔✔Complimentary DNA segment that allows the enzyme to bind to the
DNA for DNA replication.
✔✔Bioinformatics - ✔✔The collection, classification, storage, and analysis of
biochemical and biological information using computers especially as applied in
molecular genetics and genomics.
, ✔✔Genome - ✔✔An organisms genetic material
✔✔PCR Amplification - ✔✔Melt: Highest temp, separates strands
Anneal: Lowest temp, primers attach
Extend: Medium temp, DNA replicates (Polymerase)
Final Extension: Ten minutes at medium temp, ensure DNA has finished replicating
✔✔DNA Sequencing - ✔✔The DNA is placed in order by size (smallest to largest) using
gel electrophoresis or a similar method. It is then tagged by color (using fluorescent
markers on the stoppers of the DNA) as to what nucleotide it represents. The
nucleotides in size order are the DNA sequence. The bacteria can be identified using
BLAST
✔✔Solute - ✔✔Substance dissolved in another substance
✔✔Solvent - ✔✔A substance, usually a liquid, in which another substance is dissolved.
✔✔Solution - ✔✔A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. They may be in
any state of matter.
✔✔Concentration - ✔✔The amount of a specified substance in a unit amount of another
substance
✔✔Antibody - ✔✔An antigen-binding immunoglobulin, produced by B cells, that
functions as the effector in an immune response
✔✔Antigen - ✔✔A foreign macromolecule that does not belong to the host organism
and elicits an immune response
✔✔ELISA - ✔✔(Enzyme-linked Immunosorbant Assay) A quantitative in vitro test for an
antibody or antigen in which the test material is absorbed on a surface and exposed
either to a complex of an enzyme linked to an antibody specific for the antigen or an
enzyme linked to an anti-immunoglobulin specific for the antibody followed by reaction
of the enzyme with a substrate to yield a colored product corresponding to the
concentration of the test material.
✔✔ELISA Steps - ✔✔1. The sample is added to a plastic well, where the proteins are
bound to the cell wall. A detergent washes away unbound proteins while preventing
more proteins from binding to the cell wall.
2. The Primary Antibody binds to a specific antigen in the cell. Excess is washed away.
3. The Secondary Antibody, which is bound to the enzyme, is added. Excess is washed
away.
4. The enzyme substrate is added, causing the liquid to turn blue (oxidation)
