28/06/2025, 08:31 Anthro2B Final EXAM (2025) QUESTIONS AND (elaborated) WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Flashcards | Quizlet
Anthro2B Final EXAM (2025) QUESTIONS AND
(elaborated) WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Save
Terms in this set (156)
What are the 2 Microevolution & Macroevolution
evolutionary scales?
below species level
Define: microevolution
changes in gene frequencies in populations over time,
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
above species level
Define: macroevolution
new species, higher level of orders
categories (taxa)
Taxonomy are... and has...
hierarchical organization (more inclusive -"x is a kind
of y")
What are the 7 levels of Kingdom (highest), Phylum, Class, Order, Family,
taxonomy? Genus, Species (most specific)
for biology today, evolutionary relationships (branching tree of life)
taxonomies reflect...
What are the criteria for animals that can effectively mate in nature and
determining biological produce healthy fertile offspring
species?
https://quizlet.com/1057369371/anthro2b-final-exam-2025-questions-and-elaborated-with-complete-solutions-flash-cards/?new 1/22
,28/06/2025, 08:31 Anthro2B Final EXAM (2025) QUESTIONS AND (elaborated) WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Flashcards | Quizlet
population of 1 species splitting into 2 species
What is speciation? What
does it involve?
reproductive isolating mechanisms
Extrinsic - factors producing geographic isolation of
populations
what are the 2 kinds of
reproductive isolating Intrinsic - prezygotic (prevents zygote from being
mechanisms? formed, sperm never reaches egg) & postzygotic
(sperm and egg have met but have developmental
issues)
What is the fundamental rate of change is directly proportional to degree of
principle of natural variability in a population
selection?
Define: collary fate of all evolutionary lineages is extinction
anagenesis: slow change from every generation
what are the 2 types of
evolutionary change? cladogenesis: population from 1 species splitting into
2 (like speciation)
Phyletic Gradualism: slow gradual change over long
period of time, emphasize anagenesis
Compare and contrast the
2 paces of evolutionary
Punctuated Equilibrium: period of stasis until massive
change
change, emphasize cladogenesis, most change during
speciation events
rapid expansion and diversification of a group of
organism as they adapt to new available ecological
Define: adaptive radiation space
rapid speciation, series of cladogenic events
https://quizlet.com/1057369371/anthro2b-final-exam-2025-questions-and-elaborated-with-complete-solutions-flash-cards/?new 2/22
, 28/06/2025, 08:31 Anthro2B Final EXAM (2025) QUESTIONS AND (elaborated) WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Flashcards | Quizlet
species with high adaptive potential invades a new
locale (ex: finches -> galapagos islands)
How does adaptive
radiation occur? mutations producing major adaptive shift which allows
them to use environment in a new way (ex: aminotic
egg)
better adaptive potential, exploit wide range of
What can generalized ecological space (live in broadly defined eco-niche),
creature/species do? can live in wide # of environments, eat many foods;
"jack of all trades"
What can specialized live in narrowly defined eco-chive, eat certain foods
creatures do? "ace of 1 trade"
generalized organisms begin adaptive radiation -->
what is the typical
competition fuels speciation as creatures specialize --
evolutionary trend?
> overspecialization leads to extinction
2 creatures that are more similar to each other may
Anatomical similarity
share a more common recent ancestor
similarities between organisms due to common
Define: homology
ancestor (ex: human arm & bat wing)
T/F: homologous true
structures have different
function but have similar
embryological
development
anatomical similarity due to similar function, not
Define: analogy
common ancestry (due to independent evolution of
(homoplasy)
species, not present in common ancestor)
Convergence- analogy in unrelated organisms (above
level of the order)
what are the 2 types of
analogy?
parallelism- analogy in closely related organisms
(within taxonomic level of an order)
https://quizlet.com/1057369371/anthro2b-final-exam-2025-questions-and-elaborated-with-complete-solutions-flash-cards/?new 3/22
Anthro2B Final EXAM (2025) QUESTIONS AND
(elaborated) WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Save
Terms in this set (156)
What are the 2 Microevolution & Macroevolution
evolutionary scales?
below species level
Define: microevolution
changes in gene frequencies in populations over time,
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
above species level
Define: macroevolution
new species, higher level of orders
categories (taxa)
Taxonomy are... and has...
hierarchical organization (more inclusive -"x is a kind
of y")
What are the 7 levels of Kingdom (highest), Phylum, Class, Order, Family,
taxonomy? Genus, Species (most specific)
for biology today, evolutionary relationships (branching tree of life)
taxonomies reflect...
What are the criteria for animals that can effectively mate in nature and
determining biological produce healthy fertile offspring
species?
https://quizlet.com/1057369371/anthro2b-final-exam-2025-questions-and-elaborated-with-complete-solutions-flash-cards/?new 1/22
,28/06/2025, 08:31 Anthro2B Final EXAM (2025) QUESTIONS AND (elaborated) WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Flashcards | Quizlet
population of 1 species splitting into 2 species
What is speciation? What
does it involve?
reproductive isolating mechanisms
Extrinsic - factors producing geographic isolation of
populations
what are the 2 kinds of
reproductive isolating Intrinsic - prezygotic (prevents zygote from being
mechanisms? formed, sperm never reaches egg) & postzygotic
(sperm and egg have met but have developmental
issues)
What is the fundamental rate of change is directly proportional to degree of
principle of natural variability in a population
selection?
Define: collary fate of all evolutionary lineages is extinction
anagenesis: slow change from every generation
what are the 2 types of
evolutionary change? cladogenesis: population from 1 species splitting into
2 (like speciation)
Phyletic Gradualism: slow gradual change over long
period of time, emphasize anagenesis
Compare and contrast the
2 paces of evolutionary
Punctuated Equilibrium: period of stasis until massive
change
change, emphasize cladogenesis, most change during
speciation events
rapid expansion and diversification of a group of
organism as they adapt to new available ecological
Define: adaptive radiation space
rapid speciation, series of cladogenic events
https://quizlet.com/1057369371/anthro2b-final-exam-2025-questions-and-elaborated-with-complete-solutions-flash-cards/?new 2/22
, 28/06/2025, 08:31 Anthro2B Final EXAM (2025) QUESTIONS AND (elaborated) WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS Flashcards | Quizlet
species with high adaptive potential invades a new
locale (ex: finches -> galapagos islands)
How does adaptive
radiation occur? mutations producing major adaptive shift which allows
them to use environment in a new way (ex: aminotic
egg)
better adaptive potential, exploit wide range of
What can generalized ecological space (live in broadly defined eco-niche),
creature/species do? can live in wide # of environments, eat many foods;
"jack of all trades"
What can specialized live in narrowly defined eco-chive, eat certain foods
creatures do? "ace of 1 trade"
generalized organisms begin adaptive radiation -->
what is the typical
competition fuels speciation as creatures specialize --
evolutionary trend?
> overspecialization leads to extinction
2 creatures that are more similar to each other may
Anatomical similarity
share a more common recent ancestor
similarities between organisms due to common
Define: homology
ancestor (ex: human arm & bat wing)
T/F: homologous true
structures have different
function but have similar
embryological
development
anatomical similarity due to similar function, not
Define: analogy
common ancestry (due to independent evolution of
(homoplasy)
species, not present in common ancestor)
Convergence- analogy in unrelated organisms (above
level of the order)
what are the 2 types of
analogy?
parallelism- analogy in closely related organisms
(within taxonomic level of an order)
https://quizlet.com/1057369371/anthro2b-final-exam-2025-questions-and-elaborated-with-complete-solutions-flash-cards/?new 3/22
