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DEWIT MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING
2025 UPDATED ACTUAL EXAM WITH
CORRECT SOLUTIONS.
What is hypermetropia? - correct answer- long sitedness,
whereby light ray convergence at a point after the retina, and
therfore out of focus. Nearby objects apphear blurry while
distant objects are clearer
what is myopia? - correct answer- near/short sightedness,
close is clear, far is blurry
-usual starts in puberty and gets worse untill eye is fully grown.
also in very young children.
conditions associated with myopia? - correct answer- squint-
childhood eyes point in diff. directions.
lazy eyechildhood, one eye. doesnt develop properly
glaucoma - IOC pressure.
cataracts - develpoment of cloudy atches inside lense.
Retinal detachment - wherby retina pulls awat from the blood
vessel that nourish it
,2 | Page
What is astigmatism? - correct answer- Failure to converge
image at one point on the fovea (likea refraction rather than
focusing)
Causes of astigmatism? - correct answer- -Hereditary - corneal
or lenticular
-Injuries to the cornea, such as infection that scars the cornea
keratoconus & kertoglobus - causes bulgin, thinner and shape
change.
Some conditions of the eyelid
others that affect cornea or lense
What is presbyopia? - correct answer- gradual loss of your
eyes' ability to focus on nearby objects. It's a natural part of
aging 40-65yrs
Aetiology of bacterial conjunctivitis? - correct answer-
S.Aureus, Sterp. Pneumo or H.flu
also STIs chlamydia trachromatis, N.gonnorheae
what is opthalmia neonatorum? - correct answer- chlamydia or
gonorrheae infection from infected birth canal affecting 20-40%
,3 | Page
What is Episcleritis ? - correct answer- Inflamationof localiased
superficial episclera vascular network, most commonly diffuse
(moderate to sever inflam @1-3 month intervals)
-Nodular/focal episcleritis (can often present with associated
systemic disease)
What are the classification of Allergic conjunctivitis? - correct
answer- type 1 hypersensitivity - seasonal (SAC)
perrenial - chronic (PAC)
Atopic - relates to eczema and athsma
gaint pappilary (GPC)
Limbal and tarsal kertaoconjuctivitis (VKC)
What is gaint pappilary Allergica conjunctivitis - correct answer-
inner lining of the eyelid swells and develops small bumps.
Known as papillae, these bumps tend to form after chronic
irritation
what can cause a corneal abbration? - correct answer- Direct
trauma
Foreign body between eyelid and conjunctiva
Heat by contact
UV radiation (Arc Eye)
, 4 | Page
What can cause corneal ulcer? - correct answer- can be
secondary to abrasive trauma, pentrating injuries or prolonged
use of contact lenses
What are dendritic ulcers? - correct answer- Herpes simplex
virus (HSV) keratitis is the most frequent cause of corneal
blindness.
- aggressive treatment -
Symptoms of Dendritic ulcers? - correct answer- Pain
Photophobia
Blurred vision
Tearing
Redness
- with fluorescein staining and has a delicate branching
pattern,
Appearance of dendritic ulcer on opthalmoscopy? - correct
answer- - infectious epithelial keratitis (with characteristic
dendritic ulcers)
-neurotrophic keratopathy
DEWIT MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING
2025 UPDATED ACTUAL EXAM WITH
CORRECT SOLUTIONS.
What is hypermetropia? - correct answer- long sitedness,
whereby light ray convergence at a point after the retina, and
therfore out of focus. Nearby objects apphear blurry while
distant objects are clearer
what is myopia? - correct answer- near/short sightedness,
close is clear, far is blurry
-usual starts in puberty and gets worse untill eye is fully grown.
also in very young children.
conditions associated with myopia? - correct answer- squint-
childhood eyes point in diff. directions.
lazy eyechildhood, one eye. doesnt develop properly
glaucoma - IOC pressure.
cataracts - develpoment of cloudy atches inside lense.
Retinal detachment - wherby retina pulls awat from the blood
vessel that nourish it
,2 | Page
What is astigmatism? - correct answer- Failure to converge
image at one point on the fovea (likea refraction rather than
focusing)
Causes of astigmatism? - correct answer- -Hereditary - corneal
or lenticular
-Injuries to the cornea, such as infection that scars the cornea
keratoconus & kertoglobus - causes bulgin, thinner and shape
change.
Some conditions of the eyelid
others that affect cornea or lense
What is presbyopia? - correct answer- gradual loss of your
eyes' ability to focus on nearby objects. It's a natural part of
aging 40-65yrs
Aetiology of bacterial conjunctivitis? - correct answer-
S.Aureus, Sterp. Pneumo or H.flu
also STIs chlamydia trachromatis, N.gonnorheae
what is opthalmia neonatorum? - correct answer- chlamydia or
gonorrheae infection from infected birth canal affecting 20-40%
,3 | Page
What is Episcleritis ? - correct answer- Inflamationof localiased
superficial episclera vascular network, most commonly diffuse
(moderate to sever inflam @1-3 month intervals)
-Nodular/focal episcleritis (can often present with associated
systemic disease)
What are the classification of Allergic conjunctivitis? - correct
answer- type 1 hypersensitivity - seasonal (SAC)
perrenial - chronic (PAC)
Atopic - relates to eczema and athsma
gaint pappilary (GPC)
Limbal and tarsal kertaoconjuctivitis (VKC)
What is gaint pappilary Allergica conjunctivitis - correct answer-
inner lining of the eyelid swells and develops small bumps.
Known as papillae, these bumps tend to form after chronic
irritation
what can cause a corneal abbration? - correct answer- Direct
trauma
Foreign body between eyelid and conjunctiva
Heat by contact
UV radiation (Arc Eye)
, 4 | Page
What can cause corneal ulcer? - correct answer- can be
secondary to abrasive trauma, pentrating injuries or prolonged
use of contact lenses
What are dendritic ulcers? - correct answer- Herpes simplex
virus (HSV) keratitis is the most frequent cause of corneal
blindness.
- aggressive treatment -
Symptoms of Dendritic ulcers? - correct answer- Pain
Photophobia
Blurred vision
Tearing
Redness
- with fluorescein staining and has a delicate branching
pattern,
Appearance of dendritic ulcer on opthalmoscopy? - correct
answer- - infectious epithelial keratitis (with characteristic
dendritic ulcers)
-neurotrophic keratopathy
