BIOC 299 Chapter 16 Exam
Questions And Answers
glycolysis - answer a sequence of reactions that convert glucose into pyruvate with the
concomitant generation of energy
hexokinase - answer a kinase that phosphorylates 6 carbon sugars (usually glucose) at
the expense of ATP
kinase - answer an enzyme that catalyzes the attachment of a phosphoryl group to a
substrate by using ATP as a phosphoryl donor
phosphofructokinase (PFK) - answer - a kinase that phosphorylates fructose
6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
- an allosteric enzyme that is the major control point for flux through the glycolytic
pathway
thioester intermediate - answer - an ester in which the noncarbonyl oxygen atom is
replaced by a sulfur atom
- thioesters are energy-rich intermediates in a number of biochemical reactions
substrate-level phosphorylation - answer the formation of ATP from ADP in which the
phosphate donor is a substrate with a higher phosphoryl transfer potential than that of
ATP
mutase - answer an enzyme that catalyzes the intramolecular shift of a chemical group
enol phosphate - answer - a compound with a high phosphoryl transfer potential
because the phosphoryl group traps the molecule in an unstable enol form
- on the transfer of the phosphate, the molecule converts into the more-stable keto form
pyruvate kinase - answer an enzyme in the glycolytic pathway that catalyzes the virtually
irreversible transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate to ADP
alcoholic fermentation - answer the anaerobic conversion of glucose into ethanol with
the concomitant production of ATP
lactic acid fermentation - answer the anaerobic metabolism of glucose to yield lactic
acid with the concomitant production of ATP
obligate anaerobe - answer an organism that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen
& is thus usually dependent on fermentation as a source of cellular energy
, committed step - answer - the first irreversible step in a metabolic pathway under
physiological conditions
- this step is catalyzed by an allosteric enzyme & commits the product to a particular
chemical fate
feedforward stimulation - answer the activation of an allosteric enzyme in a later stage
of a pathway by the product of a reaction that takes place earlier in the reaction
pathway
isozymes - answer enzymes encoded by different genes & catalyze the same reaction,
yet display different kinetic parameters & respond to different regulatory molecules
Match each description with its term:
1. forms fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
2. generates the first high-phosphoryl-transfer potential
3. converts glucose 6-phosphate into fructose 6-phosphate
4. phosphorylates glucose
5. generates the second molecules of ATP
6. cleaves fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
7. generates the second high-phosphoryl-transfer-potential compound that is not ATP
8. catalyzes the interconversion of 3 carbon isomers
9. converts 3-phosphoglycerate into 2-phosphoglycerate
10. generates the first molecules of ATP
hexokinase, phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphofructokinase, aldolase, triose
phosphate isomerase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate
kinase, phosphoglycerate mutase, enolase, pyruvate kinase - answer 1.
phosphofructokinase
2. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
3. phosphoglucose isomerase
4. hexokinase
5. pyruvate kinase
6. aldolase
7. enolase
Questions And Answers
glycolysis - answer a sequence of reactions that convert glucose into pyruvate with the
concomitant generation of energy
hexokinase - answer a kinase that phosphorylates 6 carbon sugars (usually glucose) at
the expense of ATP
kinase - answer an enzyme that catalyzes the attachment of a phosphoryl group to a
substrate by using ATP as a phosphoryl donor
phosphofructokinase (PFK) - answer - a kinase that phosphorylates fructose
6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
- an allosteric enzyme that is the major control point for flux through the glycolytic
pathway
thioester intermediate - answer - an ester in which the noncarbonyl oxygen atom is
replaced by a sulfur atom
- thioesters are energy-rich intermediates in a number of biochemical reactions
substrate-level phosphorylation - answer the formation of ATP from ADP in which the
phosphate donor is a substrate with a higher phosphoryl transfer potential than that of
ATP
mutase - answer an enzyme that catalyzes the intramolecular shift of a chemical group
enol phosphate - answer - a compound with a high phosphoryl transfer potential
because the phosphoryl group traps the molecule in an unstable enol form
- on the transfer of the phosphate, the molecule converts into the more-stable keto form
pyruvate kinase - answer an enzyme in the glycolytic pathway that catalyzes the virtually
irreversible transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate to ADP
alcoholic fermentation - answer the anaerobic conversion of glucose into ethanol with
the concomitant production of ATP
lactic acid fermentation - answer the anaerobic metabolism of glucose to yield lactic
acid with the concomitant production of ATP
obligate anaerobe - answer an organism that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen
& is thus usually dependent on fermentation as a source of cellular energy
, committed step - answer - the first irreversible step in a metabolic pathway under
physiological conditions
- this step is catalyzed by an allosteric enzyme & commits the product to a particular
chemical fate
feedforward stimulation - answer the activation of an allosteric enzyme in a later stage
of a pathway by the product of a reaction that takes place earlier in the reaction
pathway
isozymes - answer enzymes encoded by different genes & catalyze the same reaction,
yet display different kinetic parameters & respond to different regulatory molecules
Match each description with its term:
1. forms fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
2. generates the first high-phosphoryl-transfer potential
3. converts glucose 6-phosphate into fructose 6-phosphate
4. phosphorylates glucose
5. generates the second molecules of ATP
6. cleaves fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
7. generates the second high-phosphoryl-transfer-potential compound that is not ATP
8. catalyzes the interconversion of 3 carbon isomers
9. converts 3-phosphoglycerate into 2-phosphoglycerate
10. generates the first molecules of ATP
hexokinase, phosphoglucose isomerase, phosphofructokinase, aldolase, triose
phosphate isomerase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate
kinase, phosphoglycerate mutase, enolase, pyruvate kinase - answer 1.
phosphofructokinase
2. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
3. phosphoglucose isomerase
4. hexokinase
5. pyruvate kinase
6. aldolase
7. enolase
