NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 500 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Under what circumstances do cells in the kidneys secrete renin?
1. Serum osmotic pressure increases.
2. Serum potassium levels are high
3. The urine pH decreases.
4. Blood flow in the afferent arteriole decreases. - (answer) 4. blood flow in the afferent arteriole
decreases
At change-of-shift report, the nurse learns the medical diagnoses for four patients. Which patient should
the nurse assess MOST carefully for development of hyponatremia?
Select one:
1. Vomiting all day and not replacing any fluid
2. Tumor that secretes excessive antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
3. Tumor that secretes excessive aldosterone
4. Tumor that destroyed the posterior pituitary gland - (answer) 2. tumour that secretes excessive
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Compensation mechanisms in the body for dehydration would include:
Select one:
1. Increased antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
2. Decreased aldosterone.
3. Slow, strong heart contraction
4. Peripheral vasodilation. - (answer) 1. increased antidiuretic hormone
Which of the following would result from a deficit of plasma proteins?
Select one:
1. Increased osmotic pressure
2. Increased hydrostatic pressure
3. Decreased osmotic pressure
4. Decreased hydrostatic pressure - (answer) 3. decreased osmotic pressure
,NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 500 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Which substance directly controls the reabsorption of water from the collecting ducts?
Select one:
1. Renin
2. Aldosterone
3. Angiotensin
4. Antidiuretic hormone - (answer) 4. antidiuretic hormone
When a patient is receiving diuretic therapy, what best reflects the patient's fluid volume status?
Select one:
1. Blood pressure and pulse
2. Intake, output, and daily weight
3. Abdominal girth and calf circumference
4. Serum potassium and sodium levels - (answer) 2. Intake, Output and Daily Weight
When is the best time for a patient to receive antidiuretics to reduce the amount of disruption of their
daily routine? - (answer) In the morning
Fatigue is characterized by what 3 things? - (answer) 1. perception of generalized weakness
2. mental fatigue
3. decreased ability to complete activities
Fatigue is classified as a health problem if it persists for...
a. 1+ week
b. 2+ weeks
c. 3+ weeks
d. one month+ - (answer) b. 2 weeks
,NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 500 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
There are 3 kinds of fatigue classifications. What are they? - (answer) 1. Unknown etiology
2. Physiological (due to an imbalance in sleep, nutrition and activity)
3. Secondary (due to an underlying health condition)
Fatigue is classified as chronic if it persists for... - (answer) 6+ months
What are some physiological causes of fatigue (not related to health conditions, but physiological
processes themselves) - (answer) 1. buildup of metabolic waste/waste products in the body
2. inflammatory process
3. an insufficient supply of nutrients needed for functioning
Which fatigue is resistant to treatment: temporary or chronic? - (answer) Chronic
What populations are at the highest risk for fatigue? - (answer) Women, older adults, and middle-aged
adults
2/3 of all chronic fatigue is related to which of the following (choose all that apply):
a. seasonal affective disorder
b. an underlying medical/psychiatric disorder
c. medication side effects
d. isolation/loneliness - (answer) b. 2/3 of all chronic fatigue is related to either the side effects of
medications or an underlying diagnosis (secondary fatigue)
What are interventions for a nursing assessment related to a patient complaining of fatigue? - (answer)
- PQRSTU
- assess the impact on their daily life
- ask them to explain how it feels/subjective data
- observe their general appearance (facial expressions, hygiene)
- palpate lymph nodes and thyroid
, NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 500 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
- auscultate the lungs and heart
- assess muscle strength against resistance
- perform a cranial nerve assessment
- assess deep tendon reflexes
- perform any diagnostic tests (CBC, ESR, renal and liver function, HIV antibodies, thyroid function and
urinalysis)
What are primary prevention techniques for fatigue? - (answer) Balancing sleep and wakefulness,
getting adequate exercise, having a healthy diet, providing patient education for patients at particular
risk for fatigue disorder
What are some interventions a patient can perform to manage fatigue? - (answer) exercise 30 minutes
a day, eat a balanced diet, get adequate sleep, manage any underlying conditions that can cause fatigue,
manage stress with relaxation techniques, have planned rest/nap breaks, use CNS stimulants if needed,
consider CBT psychotherapy, stretch/yoga regularly, and go for walks.
What is the difference between hypnotics and sedatives? - (answer) Sedatives reduce excitability but
don't cause sleep unless given in high doses.
Hypnotics cause sleep.
What is a long-term side effect of prolonged sedative/hypnotic drug therapy? - (answer) Interference
with REM sleep, daytime drowsiness and fatigue, interruptions of sleep cycles
What is the mechanism of action for benzodiazepines? - (answer) Bind to cell receptors enhancing the
effect of GABA (inhibitory neurotransmitter), which slows the activity of nerves in the brain
What are the indications for benzodiazepines? - (answer) Commonly used for sedation, relief of
agitation or anxiety, treatment of anxiety-related depression or bipolar disorder, sleep induction for
sleep disorders, skeletal muscle relaxation for muscle spasms, treatment of acute seizure disorders,
treatment and prevention of the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal, and used as an adjuncts in
anaesthesia.
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Under what circumstances do cells in the kidneys secrete renin?
1. Serum osmotic pressure increases.
2. Serum potassium levels are high
3. The urine pH decreases.
4. Blood flow in the afferent arteriole decreases. - (answer) 4. blood flow in the afferent arteriole
decreases
At change-of-shift report, the nurse learns the medical diagnoses for four patients. Which patient should
the nurse assess MOST carefully for development of hyponatremia?
Select one:
1. Vomiting all day and not replacing any fluid
2. Tumor that secretes excessive antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
3. Tumor that secretes excessive aldosterone
4. Tumor that destroyed the posterior pituitary gland - (answer) 2. tumour that secretes excessive
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Compensation mechanisms in the body for dehydration would include:
Select one:
1. Increased antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
2. Decreased aldosterone.
3. Slow, strong heart contraction
4. Peripheral vasodilation. - (answer) 1. increased antidiuretic hormone
Which of the following would result from a deficit of plasma proteins?
Select one:
1. Increased osmotic pressure
2. Increased hydrostatic pressure
3. Decreased osmotic pressure
4. Decreased hydrostatic pressure - (answer) 3. decreased osmotic pressure
,NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 500 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Which substance directly controls the reabsorption of water from the collecting ducts?
Select one:
1. Renin
2. Aldosterone
3. Angiotensin
4. Antidiuretic hormone - (answer) 4. antidiuretic hormone
When a patient is receiving diuretic therapy, what best reflects the patient's fluid volume status?
Select one:
1. Blood pressure and pulse
2. Intake, output, and daily weight
3. Abdominal girth and calf circumference
4. Serum potassium and sodium levels - (answer) 2. Intake, Output and Daily Weight
When is the best time for a patient to receive antidiuretics to reduce the amount of disruption of their
daily routine? - (answer) In the morning
Fatigue is characterized by what 3 things? - (answer) 1. perception of generalized weakness
2. mental fatigue
3. decreased ability to complete activities
Fatigue is classified as a health problem if it persists for...
a. 1+ week
b. 2+ weeks
c. 3+ weeks
d. one month+ - (answer) b. 2 weeks
,NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 500 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
There are 3 kinds of fatigue classifications. What are they? - (answer) 1. Unknown etiology
2. Physiological (due to an imbalance in sleep, nutrition and activity)
3. Secondary (due to an underlying health condition)
Fatigue is classified as chronic if it persists for... - (answer) 6+ months
What are some physiological causes of fatigue (not related to health conditions, but physiological
processes themselves) - (answer) 1. buildup of metabolic waste/waste products in the body
2. inflammatory process
3. an insufficient supply of nutrients needed for functioning
Which fatigue is resistant to treatment: temporary or chronic? - (answer) Chronic
What populations are at the highest risk for fatigue? - (answer) Women, older adults, and middle-aged
adults
2/3 of all chronic fatigue is related to which of the following (choose all that apply):
a. seasonal affective disorder
b. an underlying medical/psychiatric disorder
c. medication side effects
d. isolation/loneliness - (answer) b. 2/3 of all chronic fatigue is related to either the side effects of
medications or an underlying diagnosis (secondary fatigue)
What are interventions for a nursing assessment related to a patient complaining of fatigue? - (answer)
- PQRSTU
- assess the impact on their daily life
- ask them to explain how it feels/subjective data
- observe their general appearance (facial expressions, hygiene)
- palpate lymph nodes and thyroid
, NURS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2024 ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 500 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
- auscultate the lungs and heart
- assess muscle strength against resistance
- perform a cranial nerve assessment
- assess deep tendon reflexes
- perform any diagnostic tests (CBC, ESR, renal and liver function, HIV antibodies, thyroid function and
urinalysis)
What are primary prevention techniques for fatigue? - (answer) Balancing sleep and wakefulness,
getting adequate exercise, having a healthy diet, providing patient education for patients at particular
risk for fatigue disorder
What are some interventions a patient can perform to manage fatigue? - (answer) exercise 30 minutes
a day, eat a balanced diet, get adequate sleep, manage any underlying conditions that can cause fatigue,
manage stress with relaxation techniques, have planned rest/nap breaks, use CNS stimulants if needed,
consider CBT psychotherapy, stretch/yoga regularly, and go for walks.
What is the difference between hypnotics and sedatives? - (answer) Sedatives reduce excitability but
don't cause sleep unless given in high doses.
Hypnotics cause sleep.
What is a long-term side effect of prolonged sedative/hypnotic drug therapy? - (answer) Interference
with REM sleep, daytime drowsiness and fatigue, interruptions of sleep cycles
What is the mechanism of action for benzodiazepines? - (answer) Bind to cell receptors enhancing the
effect of GABA (inhibitory neurotransmitter), which slows the activity of nerves in the brain
What are the indications for benzodiazepines? - (answer) Commonly used for sedation, relief of
agitation or anxiety, treatment of anxiety-related depression or bipolar disorder, sleep induction for
sleep disorders, skeletal muscle relaxation for muscle spasms, treatment of acute seizure disorders,
treatment and prevention of the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal, and used as an adjuncts in
anaesthesia.
