NURS 190 Complete Exam 3 2025

What is the functional unit of the lungs? - Correct Answer--alveoli What techniques are used to assess the resonant sound of the lungs? - Correct Answer--indirect percussion with pleximeter or middle finger. -non dominant finger in the ICS tapping with the dominant hand What is the normal sound when percussing the lungs? - Correct Answer--resonant sounds What will you hear when air is trapped in the lungs on percussion? - Correct Answer- hyper-resonant sound What is the other name for thorax? - Correct Answer--chest: a closed cavity containing structures for respiration What are three sections of the respiratory system? - Correct Answer-1. mediastinum 2. left pleural cavity 3. right pleural cavity How many lobes in the lungs? - Correct Answer--right lung: 3 lobes -left lung: 2 lobes What is external respiration? - Correct Answer--the exchange of O2 and carbon dioxide at the alveoli level What is internal respiration? - Correct Answer--the exchange of O2 and carbon dioxide at the cellular level What is the congenital defect in newborns where there is a membrane that obstructs the nasal passages? - Correct Answer--choanal atresia: this needs to be checked right away because it could cause respiratory failure What is the respiratory range of a newborn? - Correct Answer--40-80 rpm and it is irregular, at age 5 it becomes 35 rpm What is the normal adult respiratory rate? - Correct Answer--12-20 rpm at rest What is the respiratory cycle? - Correct Answer--breathing and respiration are used interchangeably NURS 190 NURS 190 What are the 2 phases of respiration? - Correct Answer--inspiration: active phase -expiration: passive phase Upon lung auscultation, the nurse listens close to the sternal border and hears medium pitched sound with equal inspiration and expiration, what do you call this normal breath sound? - Correct Answer--bronchovesicular What is the chest configuration of an adult known as? - Correct Answer--elliptical: lateral diameter is 2:1 with the anteroposterior diameter of the chest What is the normal chest configuration of newborns and toddlers? - Correct Answer- barrel chest (abnormal in adults with COPD, common in elderly patients) What is the initial step in respiratory assessment? - Correct Answer--inspection Differentiate between bradypnea and hypoventilation - Correct Answer--bradypnea: slow, regular rhythm -hypoventilation: slow, irregular rhythm Differentiate between tachypnea and hyperventilation - Correct Answer--tachypnea: fast, regular rhythm, rapid over 20 rpm, shallow -hyperventilation: fast, deep When there is a change in consistency with any breast lump what do you do? - Correct Answer--patient must be referred to the physician immediately What is the location of most breast tumors? - Correct Answer--upper, outer quadrant of the breast (L&R) What is rhonchi sibilant? - Correct Answer--wheezing, continuous high-pitched squeaking sound when the client exhales, usually present in patients with asthma and heard on auscultation. If a patient has bilateral pneumonia and the lungs are filled with fluid, upon auscultation using bronchophony... - Correct Answer--you will hear sounds that are loud and clear bilaterally What is rhonchi sonorous? - Correct Answer--low-pitched continued snoring, rattling sound on auscultation Blocked airflow is... - Correct Answer--characterized by adventitious sound that is high pitched and continues on auscultation Patient with lobar pneumonia (one or two lobes are involved) what type of adventitious sound will you hear upon auscultation? - Correct Answer--crackles NURS 190 NURS 190 When alveoli are filled with fluid, which adventitious sound will you hear upon auscultation? - Correct Answer--low-pitched sound that has moist bubbling quality What is the configuration of the chest where there is forward displacement of the sternum with depression of adjacent cartilage? - Correct Answer--congenital deformity of the chest: pectus carinatum (aka pigeon chest) What is pectus excavatum? - Correct Answer--known as funnel chest A client with COPD is expected to have which type of chest configuration? - Correct Answer--barrel chest What is the lateral deviation of the spinal process? - Correct Answer--scoliosis What is the exaggerated curvature of the thoracic vertebra common with elderly patients and those with osteoporosis? - Correct Answer--kyphosis What is the exaggeration of the lumbar vertebrae common with pregnant women? - Correct Answer--lordosis What structure of the breast is responsible for milk production? - Correct Answer--acini cells When do you advise an elderly patient to perform a self-breast exam (SBE)? - Correct Answer--same day/time every month When do you advise a female patient that is still menstruating to perform an SBE? - Correct Answer--3-5 days after menstruation What are the normal breath sounds upon auscultation? - Correct Answer--tracheal -bronchial -broncho-vesicular -vesicular Orange peel appearance on skin of the breast is a sign of what? - Correct Answer- cancer or malignancy What is tactile fremitus on palpation? - Correct Answer--technique used to assess the patient's lung sounds when patient is talking and coughing What are intraductal papillomas? - Correct Answer--most common cause of benign nipple discharge in post-menopausal clients. -this discharge can be serous (clear), serous-sanguineous (clear/bloody), or sanguineous (bloody) NURS 190 NURS 190 What is atelectasis? - Correct Answer--decreased breath sounds on auscultation of lobes of lungs, most common cause is prolonged bed rest amongst post-operative patients or elderly. What is the difference between cheyne-strokes and ataxic (biot's) breathing? - Correct Answer--cheyene-stokes: apnea, regular pattern, heard in elderly dying patients -ataxic (biot's): apnea, irregular pattern, common in patients with brain injury What is the most common breathing for COPD? - Correct Answer--asthma or chronic bronchitis: both have prolonged expiration (obstructive breathing) What is normal breathing? - Correct Answer--eupnea: regular, even, and rhythmic breathing -eupnea with sigh: still normal What is the indication of decreased tactile fremitus? - Correct Answer--soft voice -thick chest muscle -obese -COPD -pleural effusion What is the cause of increased tactile fremitus? - Correct Answer--fluid in lungs -fibrosis -tumor -infection What is the normal diaphragmatic excursion? - Correct Answer--3-5 cm (for well fit individuals can increase to 8 cm) What causes decreased diaphragmatic excursion? - Correct Answer--lungs not fully expanding -emphysema -atelectasis -respiratory depression What causes asymmetric diaphragmatic excursion? - Correct Answer--paralysis -pleural effusion of effected side How do you assess for Broncho phony, egophony, and whispered pectoriloguy? - Correct Answer--auscultation with a stethoscope When you are assessing for configuration of the chest, what technique is used? - Correct Answer--inspection What is fibroadenoma? - Correct Answer--tumor of the breast, comm