CCBC Nursing 160: Exam Four Prep
2025/2026 Exam Questions and Correct
Answers | New Update
What is Oxygenation? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The process that maintains oxygen levels
necessary for the survival of living cells.
*The body requires oxygen for ENERGY!*
How much of the air that we breathe is made up of oxygen? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔21%
air.
*But oxygenation is not JUST the air we breathe! Also the level of exchange at the
alveoli and at the level of the tissues.*
What is a waste product of oxygenation? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔CO2!
What is hypoxemia? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Abnormally low levels of oxygen in the
bloodstream.
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,What is hypoxia? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔An insufficient or low level of oxygen in the
whole body (tissues).
What is oxygen delivery? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The rate at which oxygen is
transported from the lungs to the tissues of the body.
What is oxygen consumption? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The rate at which oxygen is
removed from the blood to be used by the tissues.
Can alterations in systemic oxygenation affect other systems in the body? -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔YES! Alterations in O2 can affect EVERY body system! Ex:
1. Homeostasis: acid-base balance affected (there should always be 20 bicarbs to
every 1 carbonic acid).
2. Perfusion: need good blood supply to deliver O2 to the tissues.
3. Metabolism: changes in O2 can increase metabolic demand, thus leading to
compensation.
What is involved in the physiology of Oxygenation? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔1. Oxygen
transport: occurs because we breathe! We take in oxygen through respirations.
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,2. Respiration: the act of respiring; inhalation and exhalation of air;
breathing---GAS EXCHANGE.
3. Ventilation: the movement of air between the
environment and the lungs via inhalation and exhalation (essentially the same as
respiration---the two go hand in hand).
4. Diffusion and Perfusion: O2 diffuses across alveoli and membranes.
5. Gas exchange: occurs at the level of the alveoli!
What are the different types of *Protectants* used during Oxygenation? -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔1. *Filtration*: ex, cilia catch debris and irritants from obstructing
the airway.
2. *Warmth and Humidification*: the upper airway (mouth and nose) warms and
humidifies. Patients with trachs don't have this ability which can lead to irritation
to their respiratory system.
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, 3. *Epiglottis*: protects the trachea against aspiration.
4. *Cough Reflex*: occurs in the CNS; protective mechanism of the airway,
therefore as long as it's not excessive a cough is a good thing.
5. *Mucociliary Escalator Mechanism*: The mucociliary escalator covers most of
the bronchi, bronchioles and nose. The cilia are continually beating, pushing
mucus up and out into the throat. The mucociliary escalator is a major barrier
against infection. Microorganisms hoping to infect the respiratory tract are caught
in the sticky mucus and moved up by the mucociliary escalator. Smoking seems to
paralzye the cilia of the mucociliary escalator.
6. *Immunoglobulin A*: an antibody that plays a critical role in mucosal
immunity---acts as a defense mechanism to help protect the respiratory system.
Can result in an accumulation of more fluids to that area, as well as swelling an
inflammation. When this is excessive, it can actually make the respiratory
problems worse.
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STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
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2025/2026 Exam Questions and Correct
Answers | New Update
What is Oxygenation? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The process that maintains oxygen levels
necessary for the survival of living cells.
*The body requires oxygen for ENERGY!*
How much of the air that we breathe is made up of oxygen? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔21%
air.
*But oxygenation is not JUST the air we breathe! Also the level of exchange at the
alveoli and at the level of the tissues.*
What is a waste product of oxygenation? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔CO2!
What is hypoxemia? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Abnormally low levels of oxygen in the
bloodstream.
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
1
,What is hypoxia? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔An insufficient or low level of oxygen in the
whole body (tissues).
What is oxygen delivery? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The rate at which oxygen is
transported from the lungs to the tissues of the body.
What is oxygen consumption? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The rate at which oxygen is
removed from the blood to be used by the tissues.
Can alterations in systemic oxygenation affect other systems in the body? -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔YES! Alterations in O2 can affect EVERY body system! Ex:
1. Homeostasis: acid-base balance affected (there should always be 20 bicarbs to
every 1 carbonic acid).
2. Perfusion: need good blood supply to deliver O2 to the tissues.
3. Metabolism: changes in O2 can increase metabolic demand, thus leading to
compensation.
What is involved in the physiology of Oxygenation? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔1. Oxygen
transport: occurs because we breathe! We take in oxygen through respirations.
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
2
,2. Respiration: the act of respiring; inhalation and exhalation of air;
breathing---GAS EXCHANGE.
3. Ventilation: the movement of air between the
environment and the lungs via inhalation and exhalation (essentially the same as
respiration---the two go hand in hand).
4. Diffusion and Perfusion: O2 diffuses across alveoli and membranes.
5. Gas exchange: occurs at the level of the alveoli!
What are the different types of *Protectants* used during Oxygenation? -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔1. *Filtration*: ex, cilia catch debris and irritants from obstructing
the airway.
2. *Warmth and Humidification*: the upper airway (mouth and nose) warms and
humidifies. Patients with trachs don't have this ability which can lead to irritation
to their respiratory system.
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
3
, 3. *Epiglottis*: protects the trachea against aspiration.
4. *Cough Reflex*: occurs in the CNS; protective mechanism of the airway,
therefore as long as it's not excessive a cough is a good thing.
5. *Mucociliary Escalator Mechanism*: The mucociliary escalator covers most of
the bronchi, bronchioles and nose. The cilia are continually beating, pushing
mucus up and out into the throat. The mucociliary escalator is a major barrier
against infection. Microorganisms hoping to infect the respiratory tract are caught
in the sticky mucus and moved up by the mucociliary escalator. Smoking seems to
paralzye the cilia of the mucociliary escalator.
6. *Immunoglobulin A*: an antibody that plays a critical role in mucosal
immunity---acts as a defense mechanism to help protect the respiratory system.
Can result in an accumulation of more fluids to that area, as well as swelling an
inflammation. When this is excessive, it can actually make the respiratory
problems worse.
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
4
