CESGA FINAL EXAM STUDY
GUIDE 2025/2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
CORRECT SOLUTIONS || 100%
GUARANTEED PASS <RECENT
VERSION>
why the green bond market has boomed in recent years? - ANSWER bc
of the paris agreement in 2015
what makes the global commitments to a low carbon transition? -
ANSWER the paris agreement in 2015
when is the paris agreement - ANSWER 2015
what were the pioneers of green bonds? multilateral development banks
or corporate issuers? - ANSWER multilateral development banks
what do the GBs promise investors? - ANSWER environmental benefits
why can GB promise investors environmental benefits - ANSWER
provide a direct link between the financing side and the investment side
what is green bond framework? - ANSWER a document that clearly
articulates the proposed use of proceeds for the bonds
is green bond framework provided before or after the issuance? -
ANSWER before
can green bond framework be assessed by an independent third-party
opinion? - ANSWER yes
when does the sovereign bonds start to emerge? - ANSWER 2016, keep
increasing untill 2022
what makes the largest portion of global green bond market? - ANSWER
non financial corporate
,what is the largest deal in development bank & what is the amount -
ANSWER EIB, 4.3B USD
what is the largest deal in financial corporate & what is the amount -
ANSWER BOC, 4.7B USD
what is the largest deal in government-backed entity & what is the
amount - ANSWER EU, 6.9B USD
what is the largest deal in local government & what is the amount -
ANSWER province of ontario, 2.1B USD
what is the largest deal in non-financial government & what is the
amount - ANSWER RWE, 2.1B USD
what is the largest deal in sovereign & what is the amount - ANSWER
Republic of italy, 8.2B USD
what are the largest markets for green bonds (3 countries) - ANSWER
China, USA, Germany
What is the percentage of China green bonds in the globe? - ANSWER
18%
What is the percentage of US green bonds in the globe? - ANSWER 13%
What is the percentage of Germany green bonds in the globe? -
ANSWER 13%
what makes up the largest, second, third portion of GBs Use of Proceeds
- ANSWER 1st: Energy
2nd: Buildings
3rd: Transport
what are the three leading framework for the green bonds - ANSWER
Green Bond Principles (GBP)
Social Bond Principles (SBP)
Sustainability Bond Guidelines (SBG)
what are the four pillars that the leading green bonds framework rest on?
- ANSWER 1. use of proceeds
2. process for project evaluation and selection
,3. management of proceeds
4. reporting
what do the principles recommend to improve transparency? - ANSWER
1. publish a green bond framework
2. engage external reviews
when was the first green bond issued? who issued that? - ANSWER
2007, by European investment bank to fund climate-related projects
what is the total issuance volume of green bond in 2020 - ANSWER
more than 1T USD
when was the first sovereign GB? who issued that? What did they fund?
- ANSWER 2017, the french treasury issued to fund the country's energy
transition project
who leads the way in the insurance market? supported by which two
regulation and policy? - ANSWER Europe, supported by European Green
Deal and the regulatory effort (EU Green bond standard)
what is the main advantage of Green bonds? - ANSWER their risk is no
different from the general issuer risk
what do you call when the return of the ESG bonds is lower than the
non-ESG bonds - ANSWER greenium
Is EU Green bond standard involuntary or voluntary? - ANSWER it
serves as a voluntary high-quality standard to promote the growth and
environmental ambitions in the green bond market
when does the EU GBS apply? - ANSWER 21 Dec 2024 (Regulation
includes a transitional period of 1 year)
what are the four things listed in the Green Bond Standard? - ANSWER
1. Voluntary but restrictive
2. New requirements
3. External reviewers
4. Increased transparency
when is the new EU Deforestation regulation effective? - ANSWER 30
Dec 2024
, what is the detail of the new EU deforestation Regulation? - ANSWER
mandates the due diligence for companies dealing in various products like
cattle, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, rubber, soya, and wood to prevent
deforestation
what is the difference between the new EU Deforestation Regulation and
the EU timber regulation? - ANSWER it broadens its scope to include
other commodities linked to deforestation
under the new EU Deforestation Regulation, what should companies do?
- ANSWER businesses must ensure their products listed in the regulation
including beef, leather, chocolate, furniture, palm oil derivatives and
paper-based iteams, are 'deforestation-free' when entering or being
exported to the EU market
Businesses, either operators or traders will be required to ensure that
products are 'deforestation-free'
in 2023, there is an increase in the share of asset managers implementing
ESG criteria in commodities, what is the percentage of the increase? -
ANSWER 15%
what is one of the challenges with regard to investing in commodities -
ANSWER exchange-traded commodity contacts (on oil, gas, metals,
agriculture products)
what is the most used RI technique? - ANSWER exclusing the most
controversial groups of commodities
which regulations help corporates to look into their supply chain when
they are trying to invest in commodities ? - ANSWER CSDDD Corporate
Sustainability Due Diligence Directive at EU-level
what are the two ways to invest in commodities? - ANSWER 1. supply
chain considerations
2. direct investments in companies that are engaged in commodity
extraction and trading
what is the advantage of invest in companies that are engaged in
commodity extractiona and trading - ANSWER they can differentiate
between good and bad practices & take resource scarity considerations
into account from a thematic ESG investment perspective
GUIDE 2025/2026 COMPLETE
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
CORRECT SOLUTIONS || 100%
GUARANTEED PASS <RECENT
VERSION>
why the green bond market has boomed in recent years? - ANSWER bc
of the paris agreement in 2015
what makes the global commitments to a low carbon transition? -
ANSWER the paris agreement in 2015
when is the paris agreement - ANSWER 2015
what were the pioneers of green bonds? multilateral development banks
or corporate issuers? - ANSWER multilateral development banks
what do the GBs promise investors? - ANSWER environmental benefits
why can GB promise investors environmental benefits - ANSWER
provide a direct link between the financing side and the investment side
what is green bond framework? - ANSWER a document that clearly
articulates the proposed use of proceeds for the bonds
is green bond framework provided before or after the issuance? -
ANSWER before
can green bond framework be assessed by an independent third-party
opinion? - ANSWER yes
when does the sovereign bonds start to emerge? - ANSWER 2016, keep
increasing untill 2022
what makes the largest portion of global green bond market? - ANSWER
non financial corporate
,what is the largest deal in development bank & what is the amount -
ANSWER EIB, 4.3B USD
what is the largest deal in financial corporate & what is the amount -
ANSWER BOC, 4.7B USD
what is the largest deal in government-backed entity & what is the
amount - ANSWER EU, 6.9B USD
what is the largest deal in local government & what is the amount -
ANSWER province of ontario, 2.1B USD
what is the largest deal in non-financial government & what is the
amount - ANSWER RWE, 2.1B USD
what is the largest deal in sovereign & what is the amount - ANSWER
Republic of italy, 8.2B USD
what are the largest markets for green bonds (3 countries) - ANSWER
China, USA, Germany
What is the percentage of China green bonds in the globe? - ANSWER
18%
What is the percentage of US green bonds in the globe? - ANSWER 13%
What is the percentage of Germany green bonds in the globe? -
ANSWER 13%
what makes up the largest, second, third portion of GBs Use of Proceeds
- ANSWER 1st: Energy
2nd: Buildings
3rd: Transport
what are the three leading framework for the green bonds - ANSWER
Green Bond Principles (GBP)
Social Bond Principles (SBP)
Sustainability Bond Guidelines (SBG)
what are the four pillars that the leading green bonds framework rest on?
- ANSWER 1. use of proceeds
2. process for project evaluation and selection
,3. management of proceeds
4. reporting
what do the principles recommend to improve transparency? - ANSWER
1. publish a green bond framework
2. engage external reviews
when was the first green bond issued? who issued that? - ANSWER
2007, by European investment bank to fund climate-related projects
what is the total issuance volume of green bond in 2020 - ANSWER
more than 1T USD
when was the first sovereign GB? who issued that? What did they fund?
- ANSWER 2017, the french treasury issued to fund the country's energy
transition project
who leads the way in the insurance market? supported by which two
regulation and policy? - ANSWER Europe, supported by European Green
Deal and the regulatory effort (EU Green bond standard)
what is the main advantage of Green bonds? - ANSWER their risk is no
different from the general issuer risk
what do you call when the return of the ESG bonds is lower than the
non-ESG bonds - ANSWER greenium
Is EU Green bond standard involuntary or voluntary? - ANSWER it
serves as a voluntary high-quality standard to promote the growth and
environmental ambitions in the green bond market
when does the EU GBS apply? - ANSWER 21 Dec 2024 (Regulation
includes a transitional period of 1 year)
what are the four things listed in the Green Bond Standard? - ANSWER
1. Voluntary but restrictive
2. New requirements
3. External reviewers
4. Increased transparency
when is the new EU Deforestation regulation effective? - ANSWER 30
Dec 2024
, what is the detail of the new EU deforestation Regulation? - ANSWER
mandates the due diligence for companies dealing in various products like
cattle, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, rubber, soya, and wood to prevent
deforestation
what is the difference between the new EU Deforestation Regulation and
the EU timber regulation? - ANSWER it broadens its scope to include
other commodities linked to deforestation
under the new EU Deforestation Regulation, what should companies do?
- ANSWER businesses must ensure their products listed in the regulation
including beef, leather, chocolate, furniture, palm oil derivatives and
paper-based iteams, are 'deforestation-free' when entering or being
exported to the EU market
Businesses, either operators or traders will be required to ensure that
products are 'deforestation-free'
in 2023, there is an increase in the share of asset managers implementing
ESG criteria in commodities, what is the percentage of the increase? -
ANSWER 15%
what is one of the challenges with regard to investing in commodities -
ANSWER exchange-traded commodity contacts (on oil, gas, metals,
agriculture products)
what is the most used RI technique? - ANSWER exclusing the most
controversial groups of commodities
which regulations help corporates to look into their supply chain when
they are trying to invest in commodities ? - ANSWER CSDDD Corporate
Sustainability Due Diligence Directive at EU-level
what are the two ways to invest in commodities? - ANSWER 1. supply
chain considerations
2. direct investments in companies that are engaged in commodity
extraction and trading
what is the advantage of invest in companies that are engaged in
commodity extractiona and trading - ANSWER they can differentiate
between good and bad practices & take resource scarity considerations
into account from a thematic ESG investment perspective
