B234 Exam 1 Questions with Correct Answers Verified by Experts| Latest Update
determinants of health individual behavior, social influences, physical environment, medical
care, public health policy, intervention
Whitehead's seven determinants of health 1. natural, biological variation
2. health-damaging behavior that is freely on chosen
3. the transient health advantage of one group over another when one group is first to adopt a
health-promotion behavior
4. health-damaging behavior in which the degree of choice of lifestyles is severely restricted
5. exposure to unhealthy, stressful living and working conditions
6. inadequate access to essential health services and other basic services
7. natural selection, or health-teated social mobility, involving the tendency for sick people to
move down the social scale
examples of social determinants of health availability of resources to meed daily needs
(educational/job opportunities, living wages, healthful foods), exposure to crime and violence,
socioeconomic conditions, transportation outcomes, etc.
outcomes of determinants health outcomes can be altered with a focus on determinants
health gradient the higher the social position the better the health outcomes; sensitive to
social and economic forces
public health core element of population health that focuses on determinants, prevention,
and public health policy
health disparities gaps in the quality of health and health care among population groups
that often parallel differences in socioeconomic status, racial/ethnic background, and education
level
, examples of social determinants of health related to health disparities unemployment, not
completing high school, living below the poverty level, food deserts
health disparities - unavoidable and acceptable not a concern for nurses (ex: nurse in ER
observe disparity in ER visits by age; older people make more ER visits compared with younger
people)
health disparities - unavoidable and unacceptable should be a concern for nurses (ex: high
prevalence of diabetes among Hispanic populations partially due to genetics is unavoidable, but
differences in access to heath care for treatment is unacceptable)
health disparities - avoidable and acceptable rare in healthcare (ex: when a natural disaster
occurs, unequal health outcomes among residents in affected area may be acceptable even
though the disaster and disparity could be avoidable)
health disparities - avoidable and unacceptable unfortunately occur in health care, targets of
interventions (ex: disparity in cancer pain management between Asians and whites due to
cultural values differences towards pain medication; avoidable if proper education is given to
Asian patients; unacceptable because Asian patients have unnecessary burden of pain)
Healthy People 2020 goals 1. Attain high-quality, longer lives
2. Eliminate disparities
3. Create healthy, social, and physical environments
4. Promote healthy behaviors
disease vs illness disease - pathophysiology of a condition
illness - human experience of a disease and refers to how the disease is perceived
characteristics of chronicity permanency, residual disability, nonpathogenic alteration,
required rehabilitation or long period of supervision, observation, and care
determinants of health individual behavior, social influences, physical environment, medical
care, public health policy, intervention
Whitehead's seven determinants of health 1. natural, biological variation
2. health-damaging behavior that is freely on chosen
3. the transient health advantage of one group over another when one group is first to adopt a
health-promotion behavior
4. health-damaging behavior in which the degree of choice of lifestyles is severely restricted
5. exposure to unhealthy, stressful living and working conditions
6. inadequate access to essential health services and other basic services
7. natural selection, or health-teated social mobility, involving the tendency for sick people to
move down the social scale
examples of social determinants of health availability of resources to meed daily needs
(educational/job opportunities, living wages, healthful foods), exposure to crime and violence,
socioeconomic conditions, transportation outcomes, etc.
outcomes of determinants health outcomes can be altered with a focus on determinants
health gradient the higher the social position the better the health outcomes; sensitive to
social and economic forces
public health core element of population health that focuses on determinants, prevention,
and public health policy
health disparities gaps in the quality of health and health care among population groups
that often parallel differences in socioeconomic status, racial/ethnic background, and education
level
, examples of social determinants of health related to health disparities unemployment, not
completing high school, living below the poverty level, food deserts
health disparities - unavoidable and acceptable not a concern for nurses (ex: nurse in ER
observe disparity in ER visits by age; older people make more ER visits compared with younger
people)
health disparities - unavoidable and unacceptable should be a concern for nurses (ex: high
prevalence of diabetes among Hispanic populations partially due to genetics is unavoidable, but
differences in access to heath care for treatment is unacceptable)
health disparities - avoidable and acceptable rare in healthcare (ex: when a natural disaster
occurs, unequal health outcomes among residents in affected area may be acceptable even
though the disaster and disparity could be avoidable)
health disparities - avoidable and unacceptable unfortunately occur in health care, targets of
interventions (ex: disparity in cancer pain management between Asians and whites due to
cultural values differences towards pain medication; avoidable if proper education is given to
Asian patients; unacceptable because Asian patients have unnecessary burden of pain)
Healthy People 2020 goals 1. Attain high-quality, longer lives
2. Eliminate disparities
3. Create healthy, social, and physical environments
4. Promote healthy behaviors
disease vs illness disease - pathophysiology of a condition
illness - human experience of a disease and refers to how the disease is perceived
characteristics of chronicity permanency, residual disability, nonpathogenic alteration,
required rehabilitation or long period of supervision, observation, and care
