,Name Clas Dat
: s: e:
Chapter 01: History, Theories, and Methods
Hdev 4 4e by rathus test bank
Multiple Choice
1. In ancient times and in the Middle Ages, children were often viewed as .
a. innately good
b. innately evil
c. a tabula rasa
d. a genetic product
ANSWER: b
2. John Locke is most likely to agree with the fact that:
a. children are born innately good.
b. children are born innately evil.
c. children are influenced by their experiences.
d. Children are indifferent to their surroundings.
ANSWER: c
3. Differentiate between John Locke's writing and Jean-Jacques Rousseau's writings.
a. While Locke argued that children are inherently good, Rousseau argued that children were innately evil.
b. While Locke focused on the role of the environment, Rousseau focused on the expression of natural impulses.
c. While Locke believed that children should be treated as property and servants, Rousseau believed that
children should be treated with respect and care.
d. While Locke believed in the traditional views of developmental psychology, Rousseau believed in the
modern views of developmental psychology.
ANSWER: b
4. Which of the following is true of family life during the industrial revolution?
a. Family life was legally defined to include three generations of relatives.
b. Family life grew to include extended family members, like cousins, aunts, and uncles.
c. Family life was defined in terms of the nuclear unit of mother, father, and children.
d. Family life shrank to include only one child per family.
ANSWER: c
5. Which of the following is true of children in the 20th century?
a. Children received greater legal protection than they did prior to then.
b. Children were married younger than during previous centuries.
c. Children were considered to be the property of their parents.
d. Children experienced less emphasis on education than during previous centuries.
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
,Name Clas Dat
: s: e:
Chapter 01: History, Theories, and Methods
6. The idea of childhood as a special time of life:
a. was concurrent with a time of ease for children during the Industrial Revolution.
b. became evident during the Industrial Revolution, as children became more visible.
c. lasted throughout the Industrial Revolution but gradually declined through the 20th century.
d. corresponded to the Middle Ages and the importance of children in the family during this time.
ANSWER: b
7. The purpose of the first standardized intelligence test was to:
a. measure IQ scores to determine genius-level abilities in children.
b. identify children who were at risk of falling behind in school.
c. create separate classrooms for high- and low-intelligence children.
d. compare people of different racial and ethnic backgrounds.
ANSWER: b
8. Which of the following is a similarity between John Watson's school of behaviorism and John Locke's concept of tabula
rasa?
a. Both emphasize the joint contributions of nature and nurture to one's development.
b. Both suggest that one's genetic endowment determines one's ideas, preferences, and skills.
c. Both suggest that experience determines one's ideas, preferences, and skills.
d. Both emphasize the importance of maturational processes.
ANSWER: c
9. Which sof sthe sfollowing sperspectives sof schild sdevelopment sis sArnold sGesell scredited swith?
a. Biological smaturation sof schildren
b. The sinherent sgoodness sof schildren
c. The sinherently sflawed snature sof schildren
d. Environment sinfluences sof schildren
ANSWER: a
10. The spsychosexual stheory sof sdevelopment sis ssimilar sto sthe spsychosocial stheory sof sdevelopment sin sthat:
a. both stheories sassert sthat shuman sdevelopment sis sa scontinuous, slifelong sprocess swith slittle sor sno sgaps.
b. both stheories ssuggest sthat sa schild's sexperiences sduring searly sstages saffect sthe schild's semotional sand
ssocial slife sat sthe stime sand slater son.
c. both stheories sbelieve sthat sa schild sor sadult's sbehavior sis slearned.
d. both stheories ssuggest sthat sadaptation sand snatural sselection sare sconnected swith sbehavior.
ANSWER: b
11. According sto sFreud, swhich saspect sof sour spersonality sis spresent sat sbirth?
a. The ssuperego
b. The sid
c. The sego
d. The sarchetype
ANSWER: b
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
, Name Clas Dat
: s: e:
Chapter 01: History, Theories, and Methods
12. Which sof sthe sfollowing sis sa ssimilarity sbetween sFreud's sand sErikson's spsychoanalytic stheories?
a. Both sare stypes sof sstage stheories.
b. Both sare sexclusively snature stheories.
c. Both sare sexclusively snurture stheories
d. Both sare squantitative stheories.
ANSWER: a
13. Which sof sthe sfollowing sis strue sof sthe sego saccording sto sFreud?
a. It sis sbiologically sbased sand spresent sat sbirth.
b. It sis sdriven sby sthe squest sfor spleasure.
c. It sforces sus sto sfollow srules sand sacts sas sa smoral sbase.
d. It smakes splans sthat sare ssocially sappropriate.
ANSWER: d
14. Which sof sthe sfollowing sis strue sof sfixation sin sthe soral sstage?
a. It soccurs sbecause sof sbeing stoilet strained stoo sstrictly.
b. It soccurs sbecause sof sbeing sweaned stoo searly sor sbreast-fed sfor stoo slong.
c. It soccurs sbecause sof sconcentrating son sschool swork sfor stoo slong.
d. It soccurs sbecause sof splaying swith schildren sof sthe sopposite sgender stoo soften.
ANSWER: b
15. Natalia sis sa sgrown swoman swho sstill ssucks sher sthumb. sHer sco-workers snotice sher sbehavior sbut sare stoo spolite
sto smention sit. sAccording sto sFreud, sNatalia sis sfixated sat sthe of sdevelopment.
a. anal sstage
b. oral sstage
c. phallic sstage
d. genital sstage
ANSWER: b
16. Which sof sthe sfollowing sfactors splays sa srole sin sfixation sduring sthe sanal sstage sof sdevelopment?
a. Strict stoilet straining
b. Excessive sbreast sfeeding
c. Excess swork sload sin sschool
d. Interaction swith sopposite-sex schildren
ANSWER: a
17. Which sof sthe sfollowing sis strue sof sFreud's slegacy sfor sfuture sthinkers?
a. His sfocus son sthe sscientific smethod shas sled sto sstronger sways sof sstudying shuman sdevelopment.
b. His semphasis son sevolutionary schanges shas sled sto sfurther sresearch son sbehavioral schanges sin seach sgeneration.
c. His sfocus son sthe simportance sof sgenetics shas sled sto smodern sresearchers sunderstanding show
sgenetics sand senvironment sintersect.
d. His semphasis son sthe semotional sneeds sof schildren shas sinfluenced show seducators sunderstand
schildren’s sbehaviors.
ANSWER: d
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3
: s: e:
Chapter 01: History, Theories, and Methods
Hdev 4 4e by rathus test bank
Multiple Choice
1. In ancient times and in the Middle Ages, children were often viewed as .
a. innately good
b. innately evil
c. a tabula rasa
d. a genetic product
ANSWER: b
2. John Locke is most likely to agree with the fact that:
a. children are born innately good.
b. children are born innately evil.
c. children are influenced by their experiences.
d. Children are indifferent to their surroundings.
ANSWER: c
3. Differentiate between John Locke's writing and Jean-Jacques Rousseau's writings.
a. While Locke argued that children are inherently good, Rousseau argued that children were innately evil.
b. While Locke focused on the role of the environment, Rousseau focused on the expression of natural impulses.
c. While Locke believed that children should be treated as property and servants, Rousseau believed that
children should be treated with respect and care.
d. While Locke believed in the traditional views of developmental psychology, Rousseau believed in the
modern views of developmental psychology.
ANSWER: b
4. Which of the following is true of family life during the industrial revolution?
a. Family life was legally defined to include three generations of relatives.
b. Family life grew to include extended family members, like cousins, aunts, and uncles.
c. Family life was defined in terms of the nuclear unit of mother, father, and children.
d. Family life shrank to include only one child per family.
ANSWER: c
5. Which of the following is true of children in the 20th century?
a. Children received greater legal protection than they did prior to then.
b. Children were married younger than during previous centuries.
c. Children were considered to be the property of their parents.
d. Children experienced less emphasis on education than during previous centuries.
ANSWER: a
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 1
,Name Clas Dat
: s: e:
Chapter 01: History, Theories, and Methods
6. The idea of childhood as a special time of life:
a. was concurrent with a time of ease for children during the Industrial Revolution.
b. became evident during the Industrial Revolution, as children became more visible.
c. lasted throughout the Industrial Revolution but gradually declined through the 20th century.
d. corresponded to the Middle Ages and the importance of children in the family during this time.
ANSWER: b
7. The purpose of the first standardized intelligence test was to:
a. measure IQ scores to determine genius-level abilities in children.
b. identify children who were at risk of falling behind in school.
c. create separate classrooms for high- and low-intelligence children.
d. compare people of different racial and ethnic backgrounds.
ANSWER: b
8. Which of the following is a similarity between John Watson's school of behaviorism and John Locke's concept of tabula
rasa?
a. Both emphasize the joint contributions of nature and nurture to one's development.
b. Both suggest that one's genetic endowment determines one's ideas, preferences, and skills.
c. Both suggest that experience determines one's ideas, preferences, and skills.
d. Both emphasize the importance of maturational processes.
ANSWER: c
9. Which sof sthe sfollowing sperspectives sof schild sdevelopment sis sArnold sGesell scredited swith?
a. Biological smaturation sof schildren
b. The sinherent sgoodness sof schildren
c. The sinherently sflawed snature sof schildren
d. Environment sinfluences sof schildren
ANSWER: a
10. The spsychosexual stheory sof sdevelopment sis ssimilar sto sthe spsychosocial stheory sof sdevelopment sin sthat:
a. both stheories sassert sthat shuman sdevelopment sis sa scontinuous, slifelong sprocess swith slittle sor sno sgaps.
b. both stheories ssuggest sthat sa schild's sexperiences sduring searly sstages saffect sthe schild's semotional sand
ssocial slife sat sthe stime sand slater son.
c. both stheories sbelieve sthat sa schild sor sadult's sbehavior sis slearned.
d. both stheories ssuggest sthat sadaptation sand snatural sselection sare sconnected swith sbehavior.
ANSWER: b
11. According sto sFreud, swhich saspect sof sour spersonality sis spresent sat sbirth?
a. The ssuperego
b. The sid
c. The sego
d. The sarchetype
ANSWER: b
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2
, Name Clas Dat
: s: e:
Chapter 01: History, Theories, and Methods
12. Which sof sthe sfollowing sis sa ssimilarity sbetween sFreud's sand sErikson's spsychoanalytic stheories?
a. Both sare stypes sof sstage stheories.
b. Both sare sexclusively snature stheories.
c. Both sare sexclusively snurture stheories
d. Both sare squantitative stheories.
ANSWER: a
13. Which sof sthe sfollowing sis strue sof sthe sego saccording sto sFreud?
a. It sis sbiologically sbased sand spresent sat sbirth.
b. It sis sdriven sby sthe squest sfor spleasure.
c. It sforces sus sto sfollow srules sand sacts sas sa smoral sbase.
d. It smakes splans sthat sare ssocially sappropriate.
ANSWER: d
14. Which sof sthe sfollowing sis strue sof sfixation sin sthe soral sstage?
a. It soccurs sbecause sof sbeing stoilet strained stoo sstrictly.
b. It soccurs sbecause sof sbeing sweaned stoo searly sor sbreast-fed sfor stoo slong.
c. It soccurs sbecause sof sconcentrating son sschool swork sfor stoo slong.
d. It soccurs sbecause sof splaying swith schildren sof sthe sopposite sgender stoo soften.
ANSWER: b
15. Natalia sis sa sgrown swoman swho sstill ssucks sher sthumb. sHer sco-workers snotice sher sbehavior sbut sare stoo spolite
sto smention sit. sAccording sto sFreud, sNatalia sis sfixated sat sthe of sdevelopment.
a. anal sstage
b. oral sstage
c. phallic sstage
d. genital sstage
ANSWER: b
16. Which sof sthe sfollowing sfactors splays sa srole sin sfixation sduring sthe sanal sstage sof sdevelopment?
a. Strict stoilet straining
b. Excessive sbreast sfeeding
c. Excess swork sload sin sschool
d. Interaction swith sopposite-sex schildren
ANSWER: a
17. Which sof sthe sfollowing sis strue sof sFreud's slegacy sfor sfuture sthinkers?
a. His sfocus son sthe sscientific smethod shas sled sto sstronger sways sof sstudying shuman sdevelopment.
b. His semphasis son sevolutionary schanges shas sled sto sfurther sresearch son sbehavioral schanges sin seach sgeneration.
c. His sfocus son sthe simportance sof sgenetics shas sled sto smodern sresearchers sunderstanding show
sgenetics sand senvironment sintersect.
d. His semphasis son sthe semotional sneeds sof schildren shas sinfluenced show seducators sunderstand
schildren’s sbehaviors.
ANSWER: d
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 3
