Botany Ch. Questions (EXAM 1*) questions with
verified answers
17) Life on Earth began about 3.5 Billion years ago. Ans✓✓✓At first
organisms were simple, like present day Bacteria .
(page 13)
18) When organisms reproduce, some of their offsprings are poorly
adapted and they do not grow and reproduce as well as the offspring that
are well adapted. Ans✓✓✓This is called Natural Selection
(page 13)
19) Looking at figure 1-12. What is the fifth concept used for
understanding plants? We do not know for certain what the environment
of this deer is, but would you guess that the deer is well adapted or
poorly adapted? Is it likely to survive long enough to pass it's genes for
this particular skin pattern? Now imagine that the deer's environment
changes. All hunting is outlawed. There are not even poachers - no
hunters at all trying to kill deers. In this environment , does this skin
pattern matter anymore? Is the deer still poorly adapted?
Ans✓✓✓Plants must survive in their own environment
The deer would be considered poorly adapted since it's pattern is very
vibrant and predators could easily spot them out. Causing it to die out
faster not spreading genes to offspring due to death. If the environment
changes and no hunters attacking the deer skin pattern would no longer
matter and would be considered adaptive - since no predators.
,(page 13)
20) Name three domains, and describe the types of organisms in each.
Which are prokaryotes? Which are eukaryotes? Ans✓✓✓Domains:
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
Bacteria:PROKARYOTES
Eukarya: Plantae, Animallia, Myceteae(fungi), and Protists ( eukaryotes
that don't fit in other kingdoms) KINGDOMS EUKARYOTES
Archaea:PROKARYOTES
(page 13)
21) What are relictual (plesiomorphic) features? Derived (apomorphic)
features? Which organisms seem to have a large percentage of relictual
features- prokaryotes or eukaryotes? Algae or flowering plants?
Amoebas or humans? Ans✓✓✓relictual (plesiomorphic): Features that
seem relatively unchanged
Derived (apomorphic): advanced features that evolved over time
High% of relictual features: prokaryotes, algae and humans
(pages 13 & 14)
,22) It is important to distinguish between plants and the study of plants -
that is, the reality of the plant world and the model of it presented in this
text and in lecture. Do we already know everything there is to be known
about plants? Have we discovered every plant species that exists? Are all
of our hypotheses about plants correct? Ans✓✓✓No, there are still
more discoveries to be known about plants .Haven't found completely all
existing plants but currently established that there are 297,000 species of
living plants .
Not all hypotheses are correct about plants because scientist do not know
everything about all organisms, our knowledge is an incomplete
reflection of reality only at lease at few are wrong
(page 15)
23) Plants are part of Reality . The study of plants attempts to create a
Model of that and build a vocabulary to exchange Ideas about reality.
Can our model ever be incorrect? Can reality be incorrect? If our model-
our hypothesis and theories - does not predict accurately, which is the
wrong reality of the model? Ans✓✓✓Models can be incorrect due to
forming them based on unknown worlds. Having study based on reality
can be incorrect and correct due to viewing it through our form of
scientific perspective (what is currently happening in front of us
*correct* ). If the model is not predicting accurately it would be the
model's fault.
(page 15)
24) As you read, you will deal with two types of information
Observations and Interpretations. Which of these are reasonably accurate
, and trustworthy. The other is more difficult. Why? If the second type
doesn't make any predictions about the outcome of a future observation
or experiment, would there be any way to determine whether it is
accurate? Ans✓✓✓Observations: are reasonably accurate and
trustworthy ,we usually have to consider only whether the botanist was
careful, observed correctly and without error and report truthfully.
Interpretations: are more difficult, they are entirely human constructed
based on observations, intuition, previous experience, calculations and
exceptions.
To determine if one is accurate is base on if it could make an accurate
prediction about future observations or experiment
(page 15 & 18)
25) This chapter closes suggesting that you keep in mind two questions
as you study this book and plants themselves? What are the two
questions? Ans✓✓✓Are there alternatives to this phenomenon ?
What are the consequences ?
(page 18)
A stoma allows carbon dioxide to pass through the epidermis. What is
the name of the two cells that control the opening and closing of a
stoma? What is the name of the hole itself the carbon dioxide passes
through? Ans✓✓✓the name of the two cells that control the opening
and closing of a stoma are guard cells
verified answers
17) Life on Earth began about 3.5 Billion years ago. Ans✓✓✓At first
organisms were simple, like present day Bacteria .
(page 13)
18) When organisms reproduce, some of their offsprings are poorly
adapted and they do not grow and reproduce as well as the offspring that
are well adapted. Ans✓✓✓This is called Natural Selection
(page 13)
19) Looking at figure 1-12. What is the fifth concept used for
understanding plants? We do not know for certain what the environment
of this deer is, but would you guess that the deer is well adapted or
poorly adapted? Is it likely to survive long enough to pass it's genes for
this particular skin pattern? Now imagine that the deer's environment
changes. All hunting is outlawed. There are not even poachers - no
hunters at all trying to kill deers. In this environment , does this skin
pattern matter anymore? Is the deer still poorly adapted?
Ans✓✓✓Plants must survive in their own environment
The deer would be considered poorly adapted since it's pattern is very
vibrant and predators could easily spot them out. Causing it to die out
faster not spreading genes to offspring due to death. If the environment
changes and no hunters attacking the deer skin pattern would no longer
matter and would be considered adaptive - since no predators.
,(page 13)
20) Name three domains, and describe the types of organisms in each.
Which are prokaryotes? Which are eukaryotes? Ans✓✓✓Domains:
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
Bacteria:PROKARYOTES
Eukarya: Plantae, Animallia, Myceteae(fungi), and Protists ( eukaryotes
that don't fit in other kingdoms) KINGDOMS EUKARYOTES
Archaea:PROKARYOTES
(page 13)
21) What are relictual (plesiomorphic) features? Derived (apomorphic)
features? Which organisms seem to have a large percentage of relictual
features- prokaryotes or eukaryotes? Algae or flowering plants?
Amoebas or humans? Ans✓✓✓relictual (plesiomorphic): Features that
seem relatively unchanged
Derived (apomorphic): advanced features that evolved over time
High% of relictual features: prokaryotes, algae and humans
(pages 13 & 14)
,22) It is important to distinguish between plants and the study of plants -
that is, the reality of the plant world and the model of it presented in this
text and in lecture. Do we already know everything there is to be known
about plants? Have we discovered every plant species that exists? Are all
of our hypotheses about plants correct? Ans✓✓✓No, there are still
more discoveries to be known about plants .Haven't found completely all
existing plants but currently established that there are 297,000 species of
living plants .
Not all hypotheses are correct about plants because scientist do not know
everything about all organisms, our knowledge is an incomplete
reflection of reality only at lease at few are wrong
(page 15)
23) Plants are part of Reality . The study of plants attempts to create a
Model of that and build a vocabulary to exchange Ideas about reality.
Can our model ever be incorrect? Can reality be incorrect? If our model-
our hypothesis and theories - does not predict accurately, which is the
wrong reality of the model? Ans✓✓✓Models can be incorrect due to
forming them based on unknown worlds. Having study based on reality
can be incorrect and correct due to viewing it through our form of
scientific perspective (what is currently happening in front of us
*correct* ). If the model is not predicting accurately it would be the
model's fault.
(page 15)
24) As you read, you will deal with two types of information
Observations and Interpretations. Which of these are reasonably accurate
, and trustworthy. The other is more difficult. Why? If the second type
doesn't make any predictions about the outcome of a future observation
or experiment, would there be any way to determine whether it is
accurate? Ans✓✓✓Observations: are reasonably accurate and
trustworthy ,we usually have to consider only whether the botanist was
careful, observed correctly and without error and report truthfully.
Interpretations: are more difficult, they are entirely human constructed
based on observations, intuition, previous experience, calculations and
exceptions.
To determine if one is accurate is base on if it could make an accurate
prediction about future observations or experiment
(page 15 & 18)
25) This chapter closes suggesting that you keep in mind two questions
as you study this book and plants themselves? What are the two
questions? Ans✓✓✓Are there alternatives to this phenomenon ?
What are the consequences ?
(page 18)
A stoma allows carbon dioxide to pass through the epidermis. What is
the name of the two cells that control the opening and closing of a
stoma? What is the name of the hole itself the carbon dioxide passes
through? Ans✓✓✓the name of the two cells that control the opening
and closing of a stoma are guard cells
