BIO 189 MIDTERM CH 1-4 CORRECT
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what is the scientific study of life? - ANSWER Biology
What is pseudoscience? - ANSWER a collection of beliefs or practices mistakenly
regarded as being based on scientific method.
What are the levels of organization? - ANSWER 1.Atoms are fundamental units of
matter.
2.Molecules consist of atoms.
3.Cells consist of molecules.
4.Organisms consist of cells.
5.Populations consist of organisms.
6.Communities consist of populations.
7.Ecosystems consist of communities interacting with their environment.
8.The biosphere consists of all ecosystems on Earth.
○ What are the major principles of living things? - ANSWER -Require ongoing inputs of
energy and raw materials
-Sense and respond to change
-Pass DNA to offspring
■ What is the difference between a producer and a consumer? - ANSWER •Producers
-Make own food using energy and simple raw materials from nonbiological sources
-Example: photosynthesis in plants
•Consumers
-Obtain energy and nutrients by feeding on other organisms
-Example: mammals
homeostasis? - ANSWER -Process by which an organism keeps its internal conditions
within a range that favors survival by sensing and responding to change
○ How does energy move within an ecosystem? Is heat a usable energy source? -
ANSWER one-way flow of energy through the biosphere and cycling of nutrients among
organisms sustain life's organization.
○ What is a nutrient? How do nutrients move within an ecosystem? - ANSWER A
substance that an organism must acquire from the environment to support growth and
survival. nutrients move in one-way cycle through producers and consumers
○ What is the purpose of DNA? - ANSWER •DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
-Carries hereditary (AKA genetic) information that guides development, growth, and
reproduction
, -Source of life's diversity
Why should a scientist design experiments that will yield quantitative results? -
ANSWER quantitative results: -data that can be measured or gathered objectively
What is sampling error and how do scientists avoid this when developing an
experiment? - ANSWER •Sampling error: difference between results obtained as a
subset, and results from a whole. Large samples reduce sampling error
How do scientists avoid bias? - ANSWER avoid experiments that would produce
anticipated results.
○ What is an element? What is an atom? What are the components of an atom? -
ANSWER element: A pure substance that consists only of atoms with the same number
of protons.
atom: smallest unit of matter
Components of atom: protons, neutrons, electrons, nucleus
what does the atomic number represent? What does the atomic mass represent? -
ANSWER atomic number: Number of protons in the atomic nucleus; defines the
element.
atomic mass: the total number of protons and neutrons in the atomic nucleus.
where are the subatomic particles located within an atom? What are their properties?
( +/-/0) - ANSWER subatomic particles: protons (+), neutrons located in nucleus.
electrons (-) move around nucleus
○ What is the shell model? What are vacancies? How many electrons can be held
within each shell? - ANSWER shell model: Conceptual diagram of electron distribution
in an atom.
first shell: holds 2 electrons
2nd & 3rd shell: holds 8 electrons
When an atom's outermost shell is filled with electrons, we say that it has no vacancies.
Atoms with no vacancies are in their most stable state.
○ How does the Octet Rule help to determine bonding? - ANSWER atoms seek to have
eight electrons in their outer—or valence—electron shells.
○ Why are noble gases stable? - ANSWER full valence shell
○ How can we calculate the number of protons or neutrons found in a particular atom? -
ANSWER subtract the atomic number from the mass number in order to find the
number of neutrons.
100%
what is the scientific study of life? - ANSWER Biology
What is pseudoscience? - ANSWER a collection of beliefs or practices mistakenly
regarded as being based on scientific method.
What are the levels of organization? - ANSWER 1.Atoms are fundamental units of
matter.
2.Molecules consist of atoms.
3.Cells consist of molecules.
4.Organisms consist of cells.
5.Populations consist of organisms.
6.Communities consist of populations.
7.Ecosystems consist of communities interacting with their environment.
8.The biosphere consists of all ecosystems on Earth.
○ What are the major principles of living things? - ANSWER -Require ongoing inputs of
energy and raw materials
-Sense and respond to change
-Pass DNA to offspring
■ What is the difference between a producer and a consumer? - ANSWER •Producers
-Make own food using energy and simple raw materials from nonbiological sources
-Example: photosynthesis in plants
•Consumers
-Obtain energy and nutrients by feeding on other organisms
-Example: mammals
homeostasis? - ANSWER -Process by which an organism keeps its internal conditions
within a range that favors survival by sensing and responding to change
○ How does energy move within an ecosystem? Is heat a usable energy source? -
ANSWER one-way flow of energy through the biosphere and cycling of nutrients among
organisms sustain life's organization.
○ What is a nutrient? How do nutrients move within an ecosystem? - ANSWER A
substance that an organism must acquire from the environment to support growth and
survival. nutrients move in one-way cycle through producers and consumers
○ What is the purpose of DNA? - ANSWER •DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
-Carries hereditary (AKA genetic) information that guides development, growth, and
reproduction
, -Source of life's diversity
Why should a scientist design experiments that will yield quantitative results? -
ANSWER quantitative results: -data that can be measured or gathered objectively
What is sampling error and how do scientists avoid this when developing an
experiment? - ANSWER •Sampling error: difference between results obtained as a
subset, and results from a whole. Large samples reduce sampling error
How do scientists avoid bias? - ANSWER avoid experiments that would produce
anticipated results.
○ What is an element? What is an atom? What are the components of an atom? -
ANSWER element: A pure substance that consists only of atoms with the same number
of protons.
atom: smallest unit of matter
Components of atom: protons, neutrons, electrons, nucleus
what does the atomic number represent? What does the atomic mass represent? -
ANSWER atomic number: Number of protons in the atomic nucleus; defines the
element.
atomic mass: the total number of protons and neutrons in the atomic nucleus.
where are the subatomic particles located within an atom? What are their properties?
( +/-/0) - ANSWER subatomic particles: protons (+), neutrons located in nucleus.
electrons (-) move around nucleus
○ What is the shell model? What are vacancies? How many electrons can be held
within each shell? - ANSWER shell model: Conceptual diagram of electron distribution
in an atom.
first shell: holds 2 electrons
2nd & 3rd shell: holds 8 electrons
When an atom's outermost shell is filled with electrons, we say that it has no vacancies.
Atoms with no vacancies are in their most stable state.
○ How does the Octet Rule help to determine bonding? - ANSWER atoms seek to have
eight electrons in their outer—or valence—electron shells.
○ Why are noble gases stable? - ANSWER full valence shell
○ How can we calculate the number of protons or neutrons found in a particular atom? -
ANSWER subtract the atomic number from the mass number in order to find the
number of neutrons.
