UAB Biology 123 Exam 1 Study Guide |
Actual study set | Questions and verified
study solutions
Correct ordering of biological organization? - ANSW-1. Biosphere
2. Ecosystems
3. Communities
4. Populations
5. Organisms
6. Organs
7. Tissues
8. Cells
9. Organelles
10. Molecules
Polar - ANSW-distribution of electrons between the covalently bonded atoms is not even
Three tenets of cell theory - ANSW-1) All living organisms composed of one or more cells
2)Cell is the basic unit or structure and organization in organisms
3)Cells come from pre-existing cells
covalent bond - ANSW-a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms
hydrogen bond - ANSW-weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar
covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in
another molecule.
ionic bond - ANSW-transfer of electrons, A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between
oppositely charged ions.
van der Waals forces - ANSW-the relatively weak attractive forces that are operative between neutral
atoms and molecules and that arise because of the electric polarization induced in each of the particles
A covalent bond is likely to be polar when - ANSW-one of the atoms sharing electrons is much more
electronegative than the other atom
DNA nucleotide - ANSW-Deoxyribose Sugar, Bases GCAT, and Phosphate Group
RNA nucleotide - ANSW-Ribose Sugar, Bases GCAU, and Phosphate Group
Triglycerides - ANSW-an energy-rich compound made up of a single molecule of glycerol and three
molecules of fatty acid.
Phospholipids - ANSW-a lipid consisting of a glycerol bound to two fatty acids and a phosphate group.
Which element makes the greatest percentage of the human body mass? - ANSW-Ca- 1.5%
Fe- <.05
I- <.05
O- 65%
, C- 18.5%
31^P compared to 32^P, what is the difference? - ANSW-One more neuron
The particle negative charge in a molecule of water occurs because - ANSW-a hydrogen bond
Water molecules are able to form hydrogen bonds with - ANSW-compounds that have polar covalent
bonds.
What is the pH of a solution with a hydroxyl ion [OH-] concentration of 1.0 x 10^-12 M? - ANSW-[H+] x 1
x 10^-12 =1 x 10^-14
[H+]= 1 x 10^-2
-log( 1 x 10^-2)
=2
If the cytoplasm of a cell is at pH 7, and the mitochondrial matrix is at pH 8, this means - ANSW-the
concentration of H+ ions is tenfold higher in the cytoplasm than in the mitochondrial matrix.
12 and 13 on practice exam
What functional group(s) shown above is (are) present in all amino acids?
Which of the groups shown above is a functional group that helps stabilize proteins by forming covalent
cross-links within or between protein molecule - ANSW-C and D
E
amino group - ANSW-Consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and to the carbon
skeleton.
carboxyl group - ANSW-A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon
atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.
A carbon skeleton is covalently bonded to both an amino group and a carboxyl group.
When placed in water it - ANSW-It would function neither as a base and an acid
Which of the following functional groups are not present on penicillin? - ANSW-Sulfhdryol and Amino
Pharmaceutical companies are selling billions of dollars' worth of single-enantiomer drugs.
Why might it be important to use only one form of an enantiomer? - ANSW-One enantiomer may
provide an effective treatment whereas the other may be
ineffective or even toxic
kinetic energy - ANSW-the energy an object has due to its motion
potential energy - ANSW-stored energy that results from the position or shape of an object
Biology - ANSW-the scientific study of life
Science - ANSW-A way of learning about the natural world
Redictionism - ANSW-understanding processes by understanding each part
population - ANSW-natural selection, evolution
Eukaryotic - ANSW-Humans have them, contain a nucleus
Perokaryotic - ANSW-DNA is not contained in a membrane. Not in specific units of a cell
Actual study set | Questions and verified
study solutions
Correct ordering of biological organization? - ANSW-1. Biosphere
2. Ecosystems
3. Communities
4. Populations
5. Organisms
6. Organs
7. Tissues
8. Cells
9. Organelles
10. Molecules
Polar - ANSW-distribution of electrons between the covalently bonded atoms is not even
Three tenets of cell theory - ANSW-1) All living organisms composed of one or more cells
2)Cell is the basic unit or structure and organization in organisms
3)Cells come from pre-existing cells
covalent bond - ANSW-a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms
hydrogen bond - ANSW-weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar
covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in
another molecule.
ionic bond - ANSW-transfer of electrons, A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between
oppositely charged ions.
van der Waals forces - ANSW-the relatively weak attractive forces that are operative between neutral
atoms and molecules and that arise because of the electric polarization induced in each of the particles
A covalent bond is likely to be polar when - ANSW-one of the atoms sharing electrons is much more
electronegative than the other atom
DNA nucleotide - ANSW-Deoxyribose Sugar, Bases GCAT, and Phosphate Group
RNA nucleotide - ANSW-Ribose Sugar, Bases GCAU, and Phosphate Group
Triglycerides - ANSW-an energy-rich compound made up of a single molecule of glycerol and three
molecules of fatty acid.
Phospholipids - ANSW-a lipid consisting of a glycerol bound to two fatty acids and a phosphate group.
Which element makes the greatest percentage of the human body mass? - ANSW-Ca- 1.5%
Fe- <.05
I- <.05
O- 65%
, C- 18.5%
31^P compared to 32^P, what is the difference? - ANSW-One more neuron
The particle negative charge in a molecule of water occurs because - ANSW-a hydrogen bond
Water molecules are able to form hydrogen bonds with - ANSW-compounds that have polar covalent
bonds.
What is the pH of a solution with a hydroxyl ion [OH-] concentration of 1.0 x 10^-12 M? - ANSW-[H+] x 1
x 10^-12 =1 x 10^-14
[H+]= 1 x 10^-2
-log( 1 x 10^-2)
=2
If the cytoplasm of a cell is at pH 7, and the mitochondrial matrix is at pH 8, this means - ANSW-the
concentration of H+ ions is tenfold higher in the cytoplasm than in the mitochondrial matrix.
12 and 13 on practice exam
What functional group(s) shown above is (are) present in all amino acids?
Which of the groups shown above is a functional group that helps stabilize proteins by forming covalent
cross-links within or between protein molecule - ANSW-C and D
E
amino group - ANSW-Consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms and to the carbon
skeleton.
carboxyl group - ANSW-A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of a single carbon
atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.
A carbon skeleton is covalently bonded to both an amino group and a carboxyl group.
When placed in water it - ANSW-It would function neither as a base and an acid
Which of the following functional groups are not present on penicillin? - ANSW-Sulfhdryol and Amino
Pharmaceutical companies are selling billions of dollars' worth of single-enantiomer drugs.
Why might it be important to use only one form of an enantiomer? - ANSW-One enantiomer may
provide an effective treatment whereas the other may be
ineffective or even toxic
kinetic energy - ANSW-the energy an object has due to its motion
potential energy - ANSW-stored energy that results from the position or shape of an object
Biology - ANSW-the scientific study of life
Science - ANSW-A way of learning about the natural world
Redictionism - ANSW-understanding processes by understanding each part
population - ANSW-natural selection, evolution
Eukaryotic - ANSW-Humans have them, contain a nucleus
Perokaryotic - ANSW-DNA is not contained in a membrane. Not in specific units of a cell
