UK NUR 221- Final Exam Questions with Correct Answers Verified by Experts| Latest Update
Ralph is a 5 yr old seen at the school clinic for growth and development monitoring.
Which of the following is characterized the rate of growth during this period?
a. most rapid growth
b. decline in growth rate
c. growth spurt
d. slow uniform growth rate Answer: B= DECLINE in GROWTH RATE
Rationale:
During the preschooler stage, growth is very minimal. Most rapid growth and development
occurs during infancy. Also see a growth spurt in adolescence.\
How much urine out every hour? Must have 30 mL
Potassium (3.5-5.0) -Causes Cardiac changes
-Neural Function
-Muscle Function
-Increased levels w/ renal failure and infection
-Decreased levels w/ diarrhea and vomiting
Hypokalemia
<3.5 Causes
-Diuretics
-Prolonged diarrhea
S&S
,-Kardiac disturbances
-Muscle weakness
-Leg cramps
-Decrease bowel sounds/ motility
Hyperkalemia
>5.0 Causes
-Severe RENAL Failure
S&S
-Kardiac disturbances
Treatment
-Kayexalate solution
-Dialysis
-Diet teaching
Sodium (135-145) -Causes Neuro changes
-Increased levels with excessive diaphoresis
-Decreases levels w/ diarrhea and vomiting
Hyponatremia
<135 Causes
-Loss of sodium
-Gain of H2O
S&S
,-Anorexia
-Confusion/ personality changes
-Muscle weakness
Treatment
-Restrict fluid
-Salty food/ drink
-Hypertonic IVF's
Goal
-Restore sodium ASAP w/o causing FVE
Hypernatremia
>145 Causes
-Gain of sodium w/o water
-Loss of water w/o sodium
S&S
-Extreme thirst
-Dry, sticky mucous membranes
-Confusion
Treatment
-Sodium restriction
-Hypotonic IVF's
Goal
, -Reduce Na+ ASAP w/o causing Cerebral Edema
Calcium (9.0-10.5) -Nerve, skeletal, cardiac changes
-Increased levels with hyperthyroidism
-Decreased levels w/ malabsorption and renal failure
Magnesium (1.5-2.5) Nerve, skeletal, cardiac changes
Phosphorus -2.8-4.5
-Inversely related to Ca
-Increased levels with renal disease
Creatinine -Female: 0.5-1.1 mg/dl
-Male: 0.6-1.2 mg/dl
-Determinant of renal function
-Increased levels with pyelonephritis
-Decreased levels with decreased muscle mass
BUN -10-20 mg/dl
-Identifies presence of renal problems
-Increased levels with renal disease and dehydration
-Decreased levels with over hydration
Albumin -3.5-5.0
-Synthesized in liver from amino acids
-Indicator of prolonged protein depletion
-Decreased value= malnutrition
Ralph is a 5 yr old seen at the school clinic for growth and development monitoring.
Which of the following is characterized the rate of growth during this period?
a. most rapid growth
b. decline in growth rate
c. growth spurt
d. slow uniform growth rate Answer: B= DECLINE in GROWTH RATE
Rationale:
During the preschooler stage, growth is very minimal. Most rapid growth and development
occurs during infancy. Also see a growth spurt in adolescence.\
How much urine out every hour? Must have 30 mL
Potassium (3.5-5.0) -Causes Cardiac changes
-Neural Function
-Muscle Function
-Increased levels w/ renal failure and infection
-Decreased levels w/ diarrhea and vomiting
Hypokalemia
<3.5 Causes
-Diuretics
-Prolonged diarrhea
S&S
,-Kardiac disturbances
-Muscle weakness
-Leg cramps
-Decrease bowel sounds/ motility
Hyperkalemia
>5.0 Causes
-Severe RENAL Failure
S&S
-Kardiac disturbances
Treatment
-Kayexalate solution
-Dialysis
-Diet teaching
Sodium (135-145) -Causes Neuro changes
-Increased levels with excessive diaphoresis
-Decreases levels w/ diarrhea and vomiting
Hyponatremia
<135 Causes
-Loss of sodium
-Gain of H2O
S&S
,-Anorexia
-Confusion/ personality changes
-Muscle weakness
Treatment
-Restrict fluid
-Salty food/ drink
-Hypertonic IVF's
Goal
-Restore sodium ASAP w/o causing FVE
Hypernatremia
>145 Causes
-Gain of sodium w/o water
-Loss of water w/o sodium
S&S
-Extreme thirst
-Dry, sticky mucous membranes
-Confusion
Treatment
-Sodium restriction
-Hypotonic IVF's
Goal
, -Reduce Na+ ASAP w/o causing Cerebral Edema
Calcium (9.0-10.5) -Nerve, skeletal, cardiac changes
-Increased levels with hyperthyroidism
-Decreased levels w/ malabsorption and renal failure
Magnesium (1.5-2.5) Nerve, skeletal, cardiac changes
Phosphorus -2.8-4.5
-Inversely related to Ca
-Increased levels with renal disease
Creatinine -Female: 0.5-1.1 mg/dl
-Male: 0.6-1.2 mg/dl
-Determinant of renal function
-Increased levels with pyelonephritis
-Decreased levels with decreased muscle mass
BUN -10-20 mg/dl
-Identifies presence of renal problems
-Increased levels with renal disease and dehydration
-Decreased levels with over hydration
Albumin -3.5-5.0
-Synthesized in liver from amino acids
-Indicator of prolonged protein depletion
-Decreased value= malnutrition
