, THIRD
STATISTICS EDITION
FORNURSING
A Practical Approach
ELIZABETH HEAVEY, PhD, RN, CNM
J J J J
ProfessorJofJNursing
SUNYJCollegeJatJBrockport
Brockport,JNewJYork
,WorldJHeadquarters
JonesJ&JBartlettJLearning
5JWallJStreet
Burlington,JMAJ01803
978-443-5000
www.jblearning.com
JonesJ&JBartlettJLearningJbooksJandJproductsJareJavailableJthroughJmostJbookstoresJandJonlineJbooksellers.JToJcontactJJonesJ&JBartlettJLearn
ingJdirectly,JcallJ800-832-0034,JfaxJ978-443-8000,JorJvisitJourJwebsite,Jwww.jblearning.com.
SubstantialJdiscountsJonJbulkJquantitiesJofJJonesJ&JBartlettJLearningJpublicationsJareJavailableJtoJcorporations,JprofessionalJassociations,J
andJotherJqualifiedJorganizations.JForJdetailsJandJspecificJdiscountJinformation,JcontactJtheJspecialJsalesJdepartmentJatJJonesJ&JBartlettJLe
.
CopyrightJ©J2019JbyJJonesJ&JBartlettJLearning,JLLC,JanJAscendJLearningJCompany
AllJrightsJreserved.JNoJpartJofJtheJmaterialJprotectedJbyJthisJcopyrightJmayJbeJreproducedJorJutilizedJinJanyJform,JelectronicJorJmechanical,Jincludin
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TheJcontent,Jstatements,Jviews,JandJopinionsJhereinJareJtheJsoleJexpressionJofJtheJrespectiveJauthorsJandJnotJthatJofJJonesJ&JBartlettJLearni
ng,JLLC.JReferenceJhereinJtoJanyJspecificJcommercialJproduct,Jprocess,JorJserviceJbyJtradeJname,Jtrademark,Jmanufacturer,JorJotherwiseJdo
esJnotJconstituteJorJimplyJitsJendorsementJorJrecommendationJbyJJonesJ&JBartlettJLearning,JLLCJandJsuchJreferenceJshallJnotJbeJusedJforJa
dvertisingJorJproductJendorsementJpurposes.JAllJtrademarksJdisplayedJareJtheJtrademarksJofJtheJpartiesJnotedJherein.JStatisticsJforJNursing:J
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wnersJofJtheJtrademarksJorJserviceJmarksJreferencedJinJthisJproduct.
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representedJinJtheJimages.JAnyJscreenshots JinJthisJproductJareJforJeducationalJandJinstructiveJpurposesJonly.JAnyJindividualsJandJscenari
osJfeaturedJinJtheJcaseJstudiesJthroughoutJthisJproductJmayJbeJrealJorJfictitious,JbutJareJusedJforJinstructionalJpurposesJonly.
TheJauthors,Jeditor,JandJpublisherJhaveJmadeJeveryJeffortJtoJprovideJaccurateJinformation.JHowever,JtheyJareJnotJresponsibleJforJerrors,Jomissions,JorJforJ
anyJoutcomesJrelatedJtoJtheJuseJofJtheJcontentsJofJthisJbookJandJtakeJnoJresponsibilityJforJtheJuseJofJtheJproductsJandJproceduresJdescribed.JTreatmentsJa
ndJsideJeffectsJdescribedJinJthisJbookJmayJnotJbeJapplicableJtoJallJpeople;Jlikewise,JsomeJpeopleJmayJrequireJaJdoseJorJexperienceJaJsideJeffectJthatJisJnot
JdescribedJherein.JDrugsJandJmedicalJdevicesJareJdiscussedJthatJmayJhaveJlimitedJavailabilityJcontrolledJbyJtheJFood JandJDrugJAdministrationJ(FDA)JforJ
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nJconsiderationJisJbeingJgivenJtoJuseJofJanyJdrugJinJtheJclinicalJsetting,JtheJhealthJcareJproviderJorJreaderJisJresponsibleJforJdeterminingJFDAJstatusJofJthe
Jdrug,JreadingJtheJpackageJinsert,JandJreviewingJprescribingJinformationJforJtheJmostJup-to-
dateJrecommendationsJonJdose,Jprecautions,JandJcontraindications,JandJdeterminingJtheJappropriateJusageJforJtheJproduct.JThisJisJespeciallyJimportantJinJt
heJcaseJofJdrugsJthatJareJnewJorJseldomJused.
14399-7
ProductionJCredits CompositionJandJProjectJManagement:JS4Carlisle
VP,JProductJManagement:JDavidJD.JCella PublishingJServices
DirectorJofJProductJManagement:JAmandaJMartin CoverJDesign:JKristinJE.JParker
ProductJManager:JRebeccaJStephenson RightsJ&JMediaJSpecialist:JWesJDeShano
ProductJAssistant:JChristinaJFreitas MediaJDevelopmentJEditor:JTroyJListon
SeniorJVendorJManager:JSaraJKelly CoverJImageJ(TitleJPage,JPartJOpener,JChapterJOpener):
SeniorJMarketingJManager:JJenniferJScherzay ©Jsinemaslow/iStock/GettyJImagesJPlus/Getty
ProductJFulfillmentJManager:JWendyJKilborn PrintingJandJBinding:JEdwardsJBrothersJMalloy
CoverJPrinting:JEdwardsJBrothersJMalloy
LibraryJofJCongressJCataloging-in-PublicationJData
Names:JHeavey,JElizabeth,Jauthor.
Title:JStatisticsJforJnursingJ:JaJpracticalJapproachJ/JElizabethJHeavey,
Ph.D.,JR.N.,JC.N.M.,JProfessorJofJNursing,JSUNYJCollegeJatJBrockport.JD
escription:JThirdJedition.J|JBurlington,JMAJ:JJonesJ&JBartlettJLearning,
[2019]J|JIncludesJindex.
Identifiers:JLCCNJ2017054187J|JISBNJ9781284142013J(paperback)
Subjects:JLCSH:JNursing--StatisticalJmethods.
Classification:JLCCJRT68J.H43J2019J|JDDCJ610.73072/7--
dc23JLCJrecordJavailableJatJhttps://lccn.loc.gov/2017054187J6048
PrintedJinJtheJUnitedJStatesJofJAmerica
2221201918 10987654321
, DEDICATION
ThisJbookJisJdedicatedJtoJmyJRNJtoJBSNJstudents,JwhoJremindJmeJeveryJdayJhowJmuchJeffort,J
persistence,JandJdeterminationJitJtakesJtoJreturnJtoJschoolJwhileJbalancingJwork,Jfamily,JandJpr
ofessionalJresponsibilities.JYourJfeedbackJandJwillingnessJtoJchallengeJyourselves,JdespiteJtheJ
manyJobligationsJandJresponsibilitiesJyouJhaveJinJyourJlives,JinspiresJme.JIJhaveJwatchedJsoJma
nyJofJyouJarriveJinJclassJtired,JveryJunsure,Janxious,JandJstressedJaboutJtakingJstatistics,JandJyetJ
youJpersevere.JYouJputJyourJbestJfootJforward,JtentativelyJrealizingJthat,JthoughJitJisn’tJeasy,Jyo
uJhaveJtheJcapacityJtoJmasterJthisJcontentJandJreachJyourJgoals.JSometimesJyouJstumble,JbutJyo
uJgetJbackJupJandJtryJagainJandJbecauseJofJthat,JIJhaveJwatchedJyouJaccomplishJsoJmuchJinJallJa
venuesJofJyourJlives.JItJmakesJmeJsoJproudJtoJwatchJyouJfigureJoutJdifficultJcontent,JdevelopJun
derstandingJofJhowJthisJreallyJwillJhaveJanJimpactJonJyourJpatientJcare,JandJgrowJasJnursesJandJi
ndividuals.JNothingJmakesJmeJhappierJthanJtoJbeJpartJofJyourJsuc-
cess,JtoJwatchJyouJwalkJacrossJtheJstageJatJgraduation,JreadyJforJtheJnextJchallengeJinJyourJeduc
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JmyJstudentsJhasJhelpedJmakeJthisJeditionJevenJbetter—
becauseJyouJareJtheJreasonJitJexistsJinJtheJfirstJplace.
Beth
III
STATISTICS EDITION
FORNURSING
A Practical Approach
ELIZABETH HEAVEY, PhD, RN, CNM
J J J J
ProfessorJofJNursing
SUNYJCollegeJatJBrockport
Brockport,JNewJYork
,WorldJHeadquarters
JonesJ&JBartlettJLearning
5JWallJStreet
Burlington,JMAJ01803
978-443-5000
www.jblearning.com
JonesJ&JBartlettJLearningJbooksJandJproductsJareJavailableJthroughJmostJbookstoresJandJonlineJbooksellers.JToJcontactJJonesJ&JBartlettJLearn
ingJdirectly,JcallJ800-832-0034,JfaxJ978-443-8000,JorJvisitJourJwebsite,Jwww.jblearning.com.
SubstantialJdiscountsJonJbulkJquantitiesJofJJonesJ&JBartlettJLearningJpublicationsJareJavailableJtoJcorporations,JprofessionalJassociations,J
andJotherJqualifiedJorganizations.JForJdetailsJandJspecificJdiscountJinformation,JcontactJtheJspecialJsalesJdepartmentJatJJonesJ&JBartlettJLe
.
CopyrightJ©J2019JbyJJonesJ&JBartlettJLearning,JLLC,JanJAscendJLearningJCompany
AllJrightsJreserved.JNoJpartJofJtheJmaterialJprotectedJbyJthisJcopyrightJmayJbeJreproducedJorJutilizedJinJanyJform,JelectronicJorJmechanical,Jincludin
gJphotocopying,Jrecording,JorJbyJanyJinformationJstorageJandJretrievalJsystem,JwithoutJwrittenJpermissionJfromJtheJcopyrightJowner.
TheJcontent,Jstatements,Jviews,JandJopinionsJhereinJareJtheJsoleJexpressionJofJtheJrespectiveJauthorsJandJnotJthatJofJJonesJ&JBartlettJLearni
ng,JLLC.JReferenceJhereinJtoJanyJspecificJcommercialJproduct,Jprocess,JorJserviceJbyJtradeJname,Jtrademark,Jmanufacturer,JorJotherwiseJdo
esJnotJconstituteJorJimplyJitsJendorsementJorJrecommendationJbyJJonesJ&JBartlettJLearning,JLLCJandJsuchJreferenceJshallJnotJbeJusedJforJa
dvertisingJorJproductJendorsementJpurposes.JAllJtrademarksJdisplayedJareJtheJtrademarksJofJtheJpartiesJnotedJherein.JStatisticsJforJNursing:J
AJPracticalJApproach,JThirdJEditionJisJanJindependentJpublicationJandJhasJnotJbeenJauthorized,Jsponsored,JorJotherwiseJapprovedJbyJtheJo
wnersJofJtheJtrademarksJorJserviceJmarksJreferencedJinJthisJproduct.
ThereJmayJbeJimagesJinJthisJbookJthatJfeatureJmodels;JtheseJmodelsJdoJnotJnecessarilyJendorse,Jrepresent,JorJparticipateJinJtheJactivitiesJ
representedJinJtheJimages.JAnyJscreenshots JinJthisJproductJareJforJeducationalJandJinstructiveJpurposesJonly.JAnyJindividualsJandJscenari
osJfeaturedJinJtheJcaseJstudiesJthroughoutJthisJproductJmayJbeJrealJorJfictitious,JbutJareJusedJforJinstructionalJpurposesJonly.
TheJauthors,Jeditor,JandJpublisherJhaveJmadeJeveryJeffortJtoJprovideJaccurateJinformation.JHowever,JtheyJareJnotJresponsibleJforJerrors,Jomissions,JorJforJ
anyJoutcomesJrelatedJtoJtheJuseJofJtheJcontentsJofJthisJbookJandJtakeJnoJresponsibilityJforJtheJuseJofJtheJproductsJandJproceduresJdescribed.JTreatmentsJa
ndJsideJeffectsJdescribedJinJthisJbookJmayJnotJbeJapplicableJtoJallJpeople;Jlikewise,JsomeJpeopleJmayJrequireJaJdoseJorJexperienceJaJsideJeffectJthatJisJnot
JdescribedJherein.JDrugsJandJmedicalJdevicesJareJdiscussedJthatJmayJhaveJlimitedJavailabilityJcontrolledJbyJtheJFood JandJDrugJAdministrationJ(FDA)JforJ
useJonlyJinJaJresearchJstudyJorJclinicalJtrial.JResearch,JclinicalJpractice,JandJgovernmentJregulationsJoftenJchangeJtheJacceptedJstandardJinJthisJfield.JWhe
nJconsiderationJisJbeingJgivenJtoJuseJofJanyJdrugJinJtheJclinicalJsetting,JtheJhealthJcareJproviderJorJreaderJisJresponsibleJforJdeterminingJFDAJstatusJofJthe
Jdrug,JreadingJtheJpackageJinsert,JandJreviewingJprescribingJinformationJforJtheJmostJup-to-
dateJrecommendationsJonJdose,Jprecautions,JandJcontraindications,JandJdeterminingJtheJappropriateJusageJforJtheJproduct.JThisJisJespeciallyJimportantJinJt
heJcaseJofJdrugsJthatJareJnewJorJseldomJused.
14399-7
ProductionJCredits CompositionJandJProjectJManagement:JS4Carlisle
VP,JProductJManagement:JDavidJD.JCella PublishingJServices
DirectorJofJProductJManagement:JAmandaJMartin CoverJDesign:JKristinJE.JParker
ProductJManager:JRebeccaJStephenson RightsJ&JMediaJSpecialist:JWesJDeShano
ProductJAssistant:JChristinaJFreitas MediaJDevelopmentJEditor:JTroyJListon
SeniorJVendorJManager:JSaraJKelly CoverJImageJ(TitleJPage,JPartJOpener,JChapterJOpener):
SeniorJMarketingJManager:JJenniferJScherzay ©Jsinemaslow/iStock/GettyJImagesJPlus/Getty
ProductJFulfillmentJManager:JWendyJKilborn PrintingJandJBinding:JEdwardsJBrothersJMalloy
CoverJPrinting:JEdwardsJBrothersJMalloy
LibraryJofJCongressJCataloging-in-PublicationJData
Names:JHeavey,JElizabeth,Jauthor.
Title:JStatisticsJforJnursingJ:JaJpracticalJapproachJ/JElizabethJHeavey,
Ph.D.,JR.N.,JC.N.M.,JProfessorJofJNursing,JSUNYJCollegeJatJBrockport.JD
escription:JThirdJedition.J|JBurlington,JMAJ:JJonesJ&JBartlettJLearning,
[2019]J|JIncludesJindex.
Identifiers:JLCCNJ2017054187J|JISBNJ9781284142013J(paperback)
Subjects:JLCSH:JNursing--StatisticalJmethods.
Classification:JLCCJRT68J.H43J2019J|JDDCJ610.73072/7--
dc23JLCJrecordJavailableJatJhttps://lccn.loc.gov/2017054187J6048
PrintedJinJtheJUnitedJStatesJofJAmerica
2221201918 10987654321
, DEDICATION
ThisJbookJisJdedicatedJtoJmyJRNJtoJBSNJstudents,JwhoJremindJmeJeveryJdayJhowJmuchJeffort,J
persistence,JandJdeterminationJitJtakesJtoJreturnJtoJschoolJwhileJbalancingJwork,Jfamily,JandJpr
ofessionalJresponsibilities.JYourJfeedbackJandJwillingnessJtoJchallengeJyourselves,JdespiteJtheJ
manyJobligationsJandJresponsibilitiesJyouJhaveJinJyourJlives,JinspiresJme.JIJhaveJwatchedJsoJma
nyJofJyouJarriveJinJclassJtired,JveryJunsure,Janxious,JandJstressedJaboutJtakingJstatistics,JandJyetJ
youJpersevere.JYouJputJyourJbestJfootJforward,JtentativelyJrealizingJthat,JthoughJitJisn’tJeasy,Jyo
uJhaveJtheJcapacityJtoJmasterJthisJcontentJandJreachJyourJgoals.JSometimesJyouJstumble,JbutJyo
uJgetJbackJupJandJtryJagainJandJbecauseJofJthat,JIJhaveJwatchedJyouJaccomplishJsoJmuchJinJallJa
venuesJofJyourJlives.JItJmakesJmeJsoJproudJtoJwatchJyouJfigureJoutJdifficultJcontent,JdevelopJun
derstandingJofJhowJthisJreallyJwillJhaveJanJimpactJonJyourJpatientJcare,JandJgrowJasJnursesJandJi
ndividuals.JNothingJmakesJmeJhappierJthanJtoJbeJpartJofJyourJsuc-
cess,JtoJwatchJyouJwalkJacrossJtheJstageJatJgraduation,JreadyJforJtheJnextJchallengeJinJyourJeduc
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do.JIJwatchJyourJchildrenJrealizeJtheyJtooJcanJdreamJbigJandJsucceedJbecauseJtheyJhaveJwatche
dJyouJdoJjustJthat.JItJisJaJjoyJandJprivilegeJtoJworkJwithJeachJofJyou,JandJjustJlikeJyou,JIJkeepJtryi
ngJtoJgrowJandJimprove.JSoJhereJisJmyJthirdJtryJatJthisJbook,JandJIJhopeJyouJfindJthatJlisteningJto
JmyJstudentsJhasJhelpedJmakeJthisJeditionJevenJbetter—
becauseJyouJareJtheJreasonJitJexistsJinJtheJfirstJplace.
Beth
III