THREE ORDERS
Many Germanic people occupied Spain,there was no unifying force,military
conflicts,protecting land was very important.Christianity was the official religion
of Roman Empire,it gradually spread and importance of church increased,church
people were politically powerful.3 main social categories-priests,land owning
nobles and peasants.
SOURCES-
Documents,in detail land owner ship,legal cases.example-churches kept records of
birth,marriage etc,songs and stories in the church documents,all these were used by
historians,Bloch a french scholar studied feudalism the most,acc to him geography
was the most important feature in learning the behaviour of the people and history
and political and international relations wer not that important.he wrote about
feudal society in Europe particularly France,he described social
relations,hierarchies,land management,popular culture,he was shot by the nazis in
the Second World War.
INTRO TO FEUDALISM-
Feudalism is a term used by historians to talk about the medieval era.it is derived
from. A German word feud meaning a piece of land,in economic sense feudalism refers
to agriculture production,it was also a relationship between lords and
peasants.peasants performed in their own fields,in lords fields and also did extra
work for lord,lords in exchange provided military protection,lords had judicial
control on the peasants.roots of feudalism are in Roman Empire,French king
Charlemagne established it as a way of life in 11th entry
FRANCE AND ENGLAND-
Gaul was a providence in Roman Empire,it had a long coastline,mountain ranges,long
rivers,forests and plains suited for agriculture,a Germanic tribe called franks
settled in Gaul and hence named it France.6th century it was ruled by French kingd
who were Christian’s.the French had very strong links with the church.the links
were further strengthened when i. 800 the pope gave the king charlemagne the title
of holy roman emperor.
THE 3 ORDERS-
France priests wanted to categorise people in 3 orders on the basis of their
work.so they broadly catogorised the society into-clergy,nobility,peasantry.
1ST ORDER-
The clergy,the Catholic Church had its own laws,owned lands given by rulers and
also took taxes from commoners,western church head was a pope,they lived in Rome
and European Christian’s were guided by them,most villages had their own church
were people gathered on Sunday and prayed,everyone could not become priests,serfs
or slaves were banned,physically challenge and women could not become priests,men
who became priests could not marry,bishops were the highest and had powers,land,big
houses or even castles,the church collected a tax from the peasants in which the
peasants had to give 1/10th of the produce to the church this tax was called the
tithe.money also came in the form of donations.some of the important ceremonies
were copied from the knights taking vowing ceremony like Kalinga,head
bowed,similarly started calling god lord.
MONKS-
Some deeply religious people chow to live isolated lives,the lived in relegious
communities called monasteries.famous monasteries are established by st benedict
in Italy in 529 and cluny in burgundy in 910,the monks took vows to spend their
lives praying,studying and farming,it was open to both men and women,men became
monks and women were nuns.monks and nuns could not marry,thier were small
communities like 10-20 people in 1 monastery but slowly started growing,did a lot
of social work and donations.abbess hildegard was a musician and did a lot to bring
in singing of prayers,13th century some group of monks called friars-chose to move
place to place,in 14th century stories and poems were written on monks and nuns and
comics.
THE CHURCH AND SOCIETY
Europeans became Christian’s but still believed in old traditions like
magic.Christmas and Easter became important,25 December was Christmas by replacing
Many Germanic people occupied Spain,there was no unifying force,military
conflicts,protecting land was very important.Christianity was the official religion
of Roman Empire,it gradually spread and importance of church increased,church
people were politically powerful.3 main social categories-priests,land owning
nobles and peasants.
SOURCES-
Documents,in detail land owner ship,legal cases.example-churches kept records of
birth,marriage etc,songs and stories in the church documents,all these were used by
historians,Bloch a french scholar studied feudalism the most,acc to him geography
was the most important feature in learning the behaviour of the people and history
and political and international relations wer not that important.he wrote about
feudal society in Europe particularly France,he described social
relations,hierarchies,land management,popular culture,he was shot by the nazis in
the Second World War.
INTRO TO FEUDALISM-
Feudalism is a term used by historians to talk about the medieval era.it is derived
from. A German word feud meaning a piece of land,in economic sense feudalism refers
to agriculture production,it was also a relationship between lords and
peasants.peasants performed in their own fields,in lords fields and also did extra
work for lord,lords in exchange provided military protection,lords had judicial
control on the peasants.roots of feudalism are in Roman Empire,French king
Charlemagne established it as a way of life in 11th entry
FRANCE AND ENGLAND-
Gaul was a providence in Roman Empire,it had a long coastline,mountain ranges,long
rivers,forests and plains suited for agriculture,a Germanic tribe called franks
settled in Gaul and hence named it France.6th century it was ruled by French kingd
who were Christian’s.the French had very strong links with the church.the links
were further strengthened when i. 800 the pope gave the king charlemagne the title
of holy roman emperor.
THE 3 ORDERS-
France priests wanted to categorise people in 3 orders on the basis of their
work.so they broadly catogorised the society into-clergy,nobility,peasantry.
1ST ORDER-
The clergy,the Catholic Church had its own laws,owned lands given by rulers and
also took taxes from commoners,western church head was a pope,they lived in Rome
and European Christian’s were guided by them,most villages had their own church
were people gathered on Sunday and prayed,everyone could not become priests,serfs
or slaves were banned,physically challenge and women could not become priests,men
who became priests could not marry,bishops were the highest and had powers,land,big
houses or even castles,the church collected a tax from the peasants in which the
peasants had to give 1/10th of the produce to the church this tax was called the
tithe.money also came in the form of donations.some of the important ceremonies
were copied from the knights taking vowing ceremony like Kalinga,head
bowed,similarly started calling god lord.
MONKS-
Some deeply religious people chow to live isolated lives,the lived in relegious
communities called monasteries.famous monasteries are established by st benedict
in Italy in 529 and cluny in burgundy in 910,the monks took vows to spend their
lives praying,studying and farming,it was open to both men and women,men became
monks and women were nuns.monks and nuns could not marry,thier were small
communities like 10-20 people in 1 monastery but slowly started growing,did a lot
of social work and donations.abbess hildegard was a musician and did a lot to bring
in singing of prayers,13th century some group of monks called friars-chose to move
place to place,in 14th century stories and poems were written on monks and nuns and
comics.
THE CHURCH AND SOCIETY
Europeans became Christian’s but still believed in old traditions like
magic.Christmas and Easter became important,25 December was Christmas by replacing
