CNPR 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS RATED A+
✔✔capsules - ✔✔medication dosage form in which the drug is contained in a external
shell.
✔✔sustained release - ✔✔drug forms contain several doses of a drug. drug delivery
formulations designed to delay the absorption process so that a drug can be given in
fewer doses.
✔✔enteric coating - ✔✔special coating that keeps tablets and capsules from dissolving
in the stomach.
✔✔caplets - ✔✔shaped like a capsule but has the form of a tablet. the shape and film
coated covering make swallowing easier.
✔✔gel caps - ✔✔an oil-based medication that is enclosed in a soft gelatin capsule.
✔✔liquid drugs - ✔✔drugs that have been dissolved or suspended: syrups, solutions,
elixirs, tinctures, emulsions, gels/jellies, lotions, aerosols, magmas.
✔✔syrups - ✔✔aqueous solutions containing a high concentration of sugars, syrups,
and linctuses may or may not have medical substances added (simple syrups and
ipecac syrup).
✔✔solutions - ✔✔drug dissolved in an appropriate solvent.
✔✔elixirs - ✔✔drug vehicle that consists of water, alcohol, and sugar.
✔✔fluid extracts - ✔✔a concentrate solution of a drug removed from a plant source by
mixing ground parts of the plant with a suitable solvent and then separating the plant
residue from the solvent.
✔✔mixtures and suspensions - ✔✔an agent is mixed with a liquid but not dissolved.
✔✔tinctures - ✔✔alcoholic preparations of a soluble drug, usually from a plant source.
solution may also contain water.
✔✔spirits and essences - ✔✔alcohol-containing liquids that may be used
pharmaceutically as solvents.
✔✔magmas - ✔✔contain particles suspended in a liquid, and exhibit a more pasty
quality in their consistency than other suspensions.
✔✔troches or lozenges - ✔✔hard or semisolid dosage from containing a medication
intended for local application in the mouth or throat.
,✔✔aerosols - ✔✔are frequently delivered by oral inhalers or nebulizers that allow for
rapid absorption into the blood circulation.
✔✔injectable drugs - ✔✔available as powders or solutions.
✔✔topical drugs - ✔✔applied to the skin.
✔✔liniments - ✔✔liquid suspensions for external application to the skin to relieve pain
and swelling.
✔✔semisolid drugs - ✔✔often used for topical application. soft and pliable.
✔✔gels or jellies - ✔✔semisolid substances in non fatty bases that may be used for
topical application.
✔✔emulsion - ✔✔two agents that cannot ordinarily be combined or mixed.
✔✔creams - ✔✔usually white and contains a drug incorporated into both an aqueous
and an oily-base.
✔✔lotion - ✔✔drug in a water base for external use.
✔✔ointments - ✔✔aqueous or oily base for local protective and soothing application for
systemic effects.
✔✔cells - ✔✔basic structural and functional units of the body and all living organisms.
✔✔cell membrane - ✔✔outside cell boundary that controls which substances can enter
or leave the cell.
✔✔cell membrane receptors - ✔✔specific molecules on the cell membrane surface that
produces or block biological activity in the presence of a specific substance to which
they bind.
✔✔nucleus - ✔✔brain of the cell that regulates all activities. some cells do not have a
nucleus.
✔✔cytoplasm/protoplasm - ✔✔substance inside the outer membrane and outside of the
nucleus. contains most of the intracellular fluid.
✔✔extracellular fluid - ✔✔body fluid located between or outside cells. consists of
interstitial fluid or fluid between cells and intravascular fluid or fluid within the blood such
as plasma.
,✔✔tissues - ✔✔groups of cells with a common structure and function.
✔✔organs - ✔✔specialized cells and tissues grouped together to perform a specific
body function for a common purpose. (ex: kidney, heart, intestines, and skin).
✔✔what are the three types of muscle tissues? - ✔✔skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
✔✔voluntary movements - ✔✔directed and controlled consciously by the brain.
✔✔involuntary movements - ✔✔occur without conscious direction and control from the
brain.
✔✔plasma - ✔✔liquid portion of the blood that carried proteins and other substances.
✔✔proteins - ✔✔made up of chains of amino acids.
✔✔fats - ✔✔stored in special body tissues as a great source of reserve energy.
necessary for growth and other body functions such as absorption of some vitamins.
✔✔carbohydrates - ✔✔body's immediate source of energy. broken down into glucose
and used for immediate metabolic reactions.
✔✔vitamins - ✔✔necessary for growth, development, and normal regulation of
metabolic processes. MUST be taken from outside of body.
✔✔minerals - ✔✔necessary for bodily processes like the balance of the body fluids,
formation, and maintenance of bones and teeth, and the proper functioning of muscles.
✔✔what are the main minerals? - ✔✔calcium, potassium, iron, sodium, phosphorous,
iodine.
✔✔cardiovascular system - ✔✔heart, blood vessels, and blood itself. body's main
transportation system. provides nutrients and hormones, plus removes waste from cells.
✔✔respiratory system - ✔✔nasal passages, trachea, diaphragm, lungs. performs
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and environment.
✔✔gastrointestinal system - ✔✔mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas,
gallbladder, small and large intestine. used by body to acquire energy and nutrients it
needs to sustain itself.
✔✔nervous system - ✔✔brain, spinal cord, nerves. conducts electrical signals
throughout the body and allows it to interact properly with its environment.
, ✔✔musculoskeletal system - ✔✔muscles, bones, other minor systems. responsible for
the body's basic frame support, movement, and to perform physical work.
✔✔reproductive system - ✔✔major role is to manufacture, transmit, and maintain the
cells for reproduction.
✔✔immune system - ✔✔lymph nodes, vessels, cells. major purpose is to attack and
remove foreign substances and microbes. removes excess fluids from the body.
✔✔plasters - ✔✔composition of liquid and powder that hardens when dry.
✔✔transdermal patches - ✔✔release a very small amount of a drug at a consistent rate,
which absorbed into the skin and then carried off by capillary blood supply.
✔✔gaseous drugs (inhalation drugs) - ✔✔compressed gases comprise oxygen or
carbon dioxide.
✔✔ophthalmic drugs - ✔✔include drops and ointments that are instilled into the eye for
a local effect.
✔✔otic drugs - ✔✔for the ears, otic medications can control localized infections or
inflammation.
✔✔API - ✔✔active pharmaceutical ingredient.
✔✔agonists - ✔✔drugs that attract or bind to cell receptors in order to mimic or enhance
endogenous chemical messengers.
✔✔antagonists - ✔✔drugs that interfere with destructive or undesirable cell functions.
✔✔binders - ✔✔cement the active and inert components of tablets together to maintain
cohesive portions.
✔✔fillers (diluents) - ✔✔used to make the drug sufficiently large for easy manufacture
and patient consumption.
✔✔glidants (flow enhancers) - ✔✔added to powdered materials used in pill production
to aid movement through tabletting machinery.
✔✔colors - ✔✔include a wide variety of dyes and coloring agents approved by the FDA
for pharmaceutical use.
✔✔flavors - ✔✔both natural and synthetic, amendments to improve drug palatability.
✔✔capsules - ✔✔medication dosage form in which the drug is contained in a external
shell.
✔✔sustained release - ✔✔drug forms contain several doses of a drug. drug delivery
formulations designed to delay the absorption process so that a drug can be given in
fewer doses.
✔✔enteric coating - ✔✔special coating that keeps tablets and capsules from dissolving
in the stomach.
✔✔caplets - ✔✔shaped like a capsule but has the form of a tablet. the shape and film
coated covering make swallowing easier.
✔✔gel caps - ✔✔an oil-based medication that is enclosed in a soft gelatin capsule.
✔✔liquid drugs - ✔✔drugs that have been dissolved or suspended: syrups, solutions,
elixirs, tinctures, emulsions, gels/jellies, lotions, aerosols, magmas.
✔✔syrups - ✔✔aqueous solutions containing a high concentration of sugars, syrups,
and linctuses may or may not have medical substances added (simple syrups and
ipecac syrup).
✔✔solutions - ✔✔drug dissolved in an appropriate solvent.
✔✔elixirs - ✔✔drug vehicle that consists of water, alcohol, and sugar.
✔✔fluid extracts - ✔✔a concentrate solution of a drug removed from a plant source by
mixing ground parts of the plant with a suitable solvent and then separating the plant
residue from the solvent.
✔✔mixtures and suspensions - ✔✔an agent is mixed with a liquid but not dissolved.
✔✔tinctures - ✔✔alcoholic preparations of a soluble drug, usually from a plant source.
solution may also contain water.
✔✔spirits and essences - ✔✔alcohol-containing liquids that may be used
pharmaceutically as solvents.
✔✔magmas - ✔✔contain particles suspended in a liquid, and exhibit a more pasty
quality in their consistency than other suspensions.
✔✔troches or lozenges - ✔✔hard or semisolid dosage from containing a medication
intended for local application in the mouth or throat.
,✔✔aerosols - ✔✔are frequently delivered by oral inhalers or nebulizers that allow for
rapid absorption into the blood circulation.
✔✔injectable drugs - ✔✔available as powders or solutions.
✔✔topical drugs - ✔✔applied to the skin.
✔✔liniments - ✔✔liquid suspensions for external application to the skin to relieve pain
and swelling.
✔✔semisolid drugs - ✔✔often used for topical application. soft and pliable.
✔✔gels or jellies - ✔✔semisolid substances in non fatty bases that may be used for
topical application.
✔✔emulsion - ✔✔two agents that cannot ordinarily be combined or mixed.
✔✔creams - ✔✔usually white and contains a drug incorporated into both an aqueous
and an oily-base.
✔✔lotion - ✔✔drug in a water base for external use.
✔✔ointments - ✔✔aqueous or oily base for local protective and soothing application for
systemic effects.
✔✔cells - ✔✔basic structural and functional units of the body and all living organisms.
✔✔cell membrane - ✔✔outside cell boundary that controls which substances can enter
or leave the cell.
✔✔cell membrane receptors - ✔✔specific molecules on the cell membrane surface that
produces or block biological activity in the presence of a specific substance to which
they bind.
✔✔nucleus - ✔✔brain of the cell that regulates all activities. some cells do not have a
nucleus.
✔✔cytoplasm/protoplasm - ✔✔substance inside the outer membrane and outside of the
nucleus. contains most of the intracellular fluid.
✔✔extracellular fluid - ✔✔body fluid located between or outside cells. consists of
interstitial fluid or fluid between cells and intravascular fluid or fluid within the blood such
as plasma.
,✔✔tissues - ✔✔groups of cells with a common structure and function.
✔✔organs - ✔✔specialized cells and tissues grouped together to perform a specific
body function for a common purpose. (ex: kidney, heart, intestines, and skin).
✔✔what are the three types of muscle tissues? - ✔✔skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
✔✔voluntary movements - ✔✔directed and controlled consciously by the brain.
✔✔involuntary movements - ✔✔occur without conscious direction and control from the
brain.
✔✔plasma - ✔✔liquid portion of the blood that carried proteins and other substances.
✔✔proteins - ✔✔made up of chains of amino acids.
✔✔fats - ✔✔stored in special body tissues as a great source of reserve energy.
necessary for growth and other body functions such as absorption of some vitamins.
✔✔carbohydrates - ✔✔body's immediate source of energy. broken down into glucose
and used for immediate metabolic reactions.
✔✔vitamins - ✔✔necessary for growth, development, and normal regulation of
metabolic processes. MUST be taken from outside of body.
✔✔minerals - ✔✔necessary for bodily processes like the balance of the body fluids,
formation, and maintenance of bones and teeth, and the proper functioning of muscles.
✔✔what are the main minerals? - ✔✔calcium, potassium, iron, sodium, phosphorous,
iodine.
✔✔cardiovascular system - ✔✔heart, blood vessels, and blood itself. body's main
transportation system. provides nutrients and hormones, plus removes waste from cells.
✔✔respiratory system - ✔✔nasal passages, trachea, diaphragm, lungs. performs
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and environment.
✔✔gastrointestinal system - ✔✔mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas,
gallbladder, small and large intestine. used by body to acquire energy and nutrients it
needs to sustain itself.
✔✔nervous system - ✔✔brain, spinal cord, nerves. conducts electrical signals
throughout the body and allows it to interact properly with its environment.
, ✔✔musculoskeletal system - ✔✔muscles, bones, other minor systems. responsible for
the body's basic frame support, movement, and to perform physical work.
✔✔reproductive system - ✔✔major role is to manufacture, transmit, and maintain the
cells for reproduction.
✔✔immune system - ✔✔lymph nodes, vessels, cells. major purpose is to attack and
remove foreign substances and microbes. removes excess fluids from the body.
✔✔plasters - ✔✔composition of liquid and powder that hardens when dry.
✔✔transdermal patches - ✔✔release a very small amount of a drug at a consistent rate,
which absorbed into the skin and then carried off by capillary blood supply.
✔✔gaseous drugs (inhalation drugs) - ✔✔compressed gases comprise oxygen or
carbon dioxide.
✔✔ophthalmic drugs - ✔✔include drops and ointments that are instilled into the eye for
a local effect.
✔✔otic drugs - ✔✔for the ears, otic medications can control localized infections or
inflammation.
✔✔API - ✔✔active pharmaceutical ingredient.
✔✔agonists - ✔✔drugs that attract or bind to cell receptors in order to mimic or enhance
endogenous chemical messengers.
✔✔antagonists - ✔✔drugs that interfere with destructive or undesirable cell functions.
✔✔binders - ✔✔cement the active and inert components of tablets together to maintain
cohesive portions.
✔✔fillers (diluents) - ✔✔used to make the drug sufficiently large for easy manufacture
and patient consumption.
✔✔glidants (flow enhancers) - ✔✔added to powdered materials used in pill production
to aid movement through tabletting machinery.
✔✔colors - ✔✔include a wide variety of dyes and coloring agents approved by the FDA
for pharmaceutical use.
✔✔flavors - ✔✔both natural and synthetic, amendments to improve drug palatability.
