HUMANBIO 4B WEEK 2
Romanian orphans study - ANSWER: - extreme deprivation, lack of secure attachment
- some adopted into US and UK
- Cognitive impairment was linearly associated with duration of deprivation
- Dramatic catch-up for children adopted before 6 months
- persistent deficit for those who remained longest
- substantial variability and high resilience in some children
Equipoise - ANSWER: the requirement that investigators not know the answer to the question
before the conduct the trial
Newborn's facial preferences? - ANSWER: -They like face-like objects
- Younger infants are sensitive to differences in identity for monkeys and humans
- Older infants are sensitive to identity only for humans
Pro of infant-directed speech? - ANSWER: Gives baby the cue they are being addressed
Pointing - ANSWER: - declarative pointing emerges around the first birthday
- early sign of a desire to share, with flexible communicative function
What do social cues do? - ANSWER: Consistent sources of information in the perceptual signal
What are social inferences? - ANSWER: Reasoning about things we can't see as well as what we can
Social learning - ANSWER: imitating the means, not just the end
Rational imitation - ANSWER: Study about the researcher using their forehead to press the button
Theory of mind - ANSWER: in assuming that other individuals want, think, believe, and the like, one
infers states that are not directly observable and uses these states to predict the behavior of others
as well as one's own
, HUMANBIO 4B WEEK 2
Reasoning about desires - ANSWER: Children might be egocentric (earlier theories)
Best evidence comes from representing others' minds when those people have conflicted desires or
beliefs
Offering them broccoli over goldfish if the adult has expressed preference
Sally-Ann task - ANSWER: false-belief consistent vs child-knowledge consistent
3 yr olds fail, 4 yr olds pass,
Bonding - ANSWER: caregiver -> child
describes feelings, thoughts, and behavior of caregiver towards infant
Attachment - ANSWER: child -> caregiver
describes emotional connection to caregivers that are reciprocally influenced by child and caregiver
Early signs of attachment - ANSWER: Infants show preferential behaviors towards primary caregiver
(smiling around 6 weeks)
infants seem distressed when separated from caregiver (7-9 months)
Basic feeding theory - ANSWER: caregiver acquires positive value by being repeatedly paired with
food
infant begins to seek caregiver even when not hungry
Feeding is not enough - ANSWER: Infants who were properly fed and received good healthcare, but
little emotional caregiving, were generally physically and developmentally delayed + high mortality
Romanian orphans study - ANSWER: - extreme deprivation, lack of secure attachment
- some adopted into US and UK
- Cognitive impairment was linearly associated with duration of deprivation
- Dramatic catch-up for children adopted before 6 months
- persistent deficit for those who remained longest
- substantial variability and high resilience in some children
Equipoise - ANSWER: the requirement that investigators not know the answer to the question
before the conduct the trial
Newborn's facial preferences? - ANSWER: -They like face-like objects
- Younger infants are sensitive to differences in identity for monkeys and humans
- Older infants are sensitive to identity only for humans
Pro of infant-directed speech? - ANSWER: Gives baby the cue they are being addressed
Pointing - ANSWER: - declarative pointing emerges around the first birthday
- early sign of a desire to share, with flexible communicative function
What do social cues do? - ANSWER: Consistent sources of information in the perceptual signal
What are social inferences? - ANSWER: Reasoning about things we can't see as well as what we can
Social learning - ANSWER: imitating the means, not just the end
Rational imitation - ANSWER: Study about the researcher using their forehead to press the button
Theory of mind - ANSWER: in assuming that other individuals want, think, believe, and the like, one
infers states that are not directly observable and uses these states to predict the behavior of others
as well as one's own
, HUMANBIO 4B WEEK 2
Reasoning about desires - ANSWER: Children might be egocentric (earlier theories)
Best evidence comes from representing others' minds when those people have conflicted desires or
beliefs
Offering them broccoli over goldfish if the adult has expressed preference
Sally-Ann task - ANSWER: false-belief consistent vs child-knowledge consistent
3 yr olds fail, 4 yr olds pass,
Bonding - ANSWER: caregiver -> child
describes feelings, thoughts, and behavior of caregiver towards infant
Attachment - ANSWER: child -> caregiver
describes emotional connection to caregivers that are reciprocally influenced by child and caregiver
Early signs of attachment - ANSWER: Infants show preferential behaviors towards primary caregiver
(smiling around 6 weeks)
infants seem distressed when separated from caregiver (7-9 months)
Basic feeding theory - ANSWER: caregiver acquires positive value by being repeatedly paired with
food
infant begins to seek caregiver even when not hungry
Feeding is not enough - ANSWER: Infants who were properly fed and received good healthcare, but
little emotional caregiving, were generally physically and developmentally delayed + high mortality
