Pediatric CCRN Practice questions
What is the 50th percentile for blood pressure? -
☑️90+ (agex2)
What type of cardiac shunt causes a decrease in O2 saturation? -
☑️Right to left
How do children compensate with low cardiac output? -
☑️Increase heart rate; cannot increase stroke volume
What does PEEP do to preload? -
☑️Decrease preload
What occurs with adrenergic stimulation? -
☑️-increased myocardial oxygen demand
-shorten diastolic period
-decrease systemic blood flow
-release of epinephrine and norepinephrine
What cardiac vital signs are increased with left sided heart failure? -
☑️PAP, PCWP, and CVP
What is the least/most common cardiomyopathy in children? -
☑️Least-restrictive
Most-dilated
What type of cardiomyopathy is considered congestive? -
☑️Dilated-because stasis of the blood can occur within chambers
What does milrinone do? -
☑️Improve heart contraction
Decrease afterload
Decreases PCWP
Vasodilation
What type of cardiomyopathy should not use inotropes? -
☑️Hypertrophic
What happens to pressures in pulmonary edema? -
☑️Increase in both oncotic and pulmonary capillary pressure
What is cor pulmonale? -
☑️Failure of the right side of the heart due to high pressures in pulmonary artery and
right ventricle
What occurs in a hypercyanotic spell -
☑️Decreased pulmonary blood flow and increased right to left shunting
1
, What occurs in end stage cardiogenic shock? -
☑️Decreased contractility, altered preload, increased SVR and afterload
What happens to preload and afterload in hypovolemic shock? -
☑️Decreased preload and increased afterload
What is the most common heart defect? -
☑️ventricular septal defect
What medication can worsen pulmonary hypertension? -
☑️Beta blocker
What factors can cause a PDA to reopen in the first few weeks of life? -
☑️Hypoxia, acidosis and PGE
What lab must be drawn prior to indomethacin administration? -
☑️Platelet count
What is done in a Blalock taussig? -
☑️Connection of subclavian artery and pulmonary artery
What are common symptoms of aortic stenosis? -
☑️Chest pain, syncope and activity intolerance
What defects are included in Tetralogy of Fallot? -
☑️Pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, hypertrophy of right ventricle and
dextroposition of the aorta
What is done during a fontan procedure? -
☑️Baffle is placed in right atrium to direct systemic venous return to pulmonary artery y
What is done in a atrial switch procedure? -
☑️Coronary arteries are moved to left side of heart, aorta and pulmonary artery are
moved to correct spot and VSD and ASD are closed
Symptoms of digoxin toxicity -
☑️Hyperkalemia, SVT and hypotension
What is labetalol and when is it used? -
☑️Mixed alpha 1 and beta adrenergic blocker
Used to slow HR and decrease peripheral vascular resistance
What complications can occur with atrial switch? -
☑️Pulmonary hypertension
What can hyperoxygenation do to pulmonary circulation? -
☑️Overcirculation; oxygen is a vasodilator
2
What is the 50th percentile for blood pressure? -
☑️90+ (agex2)
What type of cardiac shunt causes a decrease in O2 saturation? -
☑️Right to left
How do children compensate with low cardiac output? -
☑️Increase heart rate; cannot increase stroke volume
What does PEEP do to preload? -
☑️Decrease preload
What occurs with adrenergic stimulation? -
☑️-increased myocardial oxygen demand
-shorten diastolic period
-decrease systemic blood flow
-release of epinephrine and norepinephrine
What cardiac vital signs are increased with left sided heart failure? -
☑️PAP, PCWP, and CVP
What is the least/most common cardiomyopathy in children? -
☑️Least-restrictive
Most-dilated
What type of cardiomyopathy is considered congestive? -
☑️Dilated-because stasis of the blood can occur within chambers
What does milrinone do? -
☑️Improve heart contraction
Decrease afterload
Decreases PCWP
Vasodilation
What type of cardiomyopathy should not use inotropes? -
☑️Hypertrophic
What happens to pressures in pulmonary edema? -
☑️Increase in both oncotic and pulmonary capillary pressure
What is cor pulmonale? -
☑️Failure of the right side of the heart due to high pressures in pulmonary artery and
right ventricle
What occurs in a hypercyanotic spell -
☑️Decreased pulmonary blood flow and increased right to left shunting
1
, What occurs in end stage cardiogenic shock? -
☑️Decreased contractility, altered preload, increased SVR and afterload
What happens to preload and afterload in hypovolemic shock? -
☑️Decreased preload and increased afterload
What is the most common heart defect? -
☑️ventricular septal defect
What medication can worsen pulmonary hypertension? -
☑️Beta blocker
What factors can cause a PDA to reopen in the first few weeks of life? -
☑️Hypoxia, acidosis and PGE
What lab must be drawn prior to indomethacin administration? -
☑️Platelet count
What is done in a Blalock taussig? -
☑️Connection of subclavian artery and pulmonary artery
What are common symptoms of aortic stenosis? -
☑️Chest pain, syncope and activity intolerance
What defects are included in Tetralogy of Fallot? -
☑️Pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect, hypertrophy of right ventricle and
dextroposition of the aorta
What is done during a fontan procedure? -
☑️Baffle is placed in right atrium to direct systemic venous return to pulmonary artery y
What is done in a atrial switch procedure? -
☑️Coronary arteries are moved to left side of heart, aorta and pulmonary artery are
moved to correct spot and VSD and ASD are closed
Symptoms of digoxin toxicity -
☑️Hyperkalemia, SVT and hypotension
What is labetalol and when is it used? -
☑️Mixed alpha 1 and beta adrenergic blocker
Used to slow HR and decrease peripheral vascular resistance
What complications can occur with atrial switch? -
☑️Pulmonary hypertension
What can hyperoxygenation do to pulmonary circulation? -
☑️Overcirculation; oxygen is a vasodilator
2
