AQA A-Level Biology (new spec) Unit 1A
- Biological Molecules
Monomers - Correct Answers-Small basic molecular units
Examples of monomers - Correct Answers-monosaccharides, amino acids and nucleotides
Polymers - Correct Answers-Large complex molecules composed of long chains of monomers
joined together
Examples of polymers - Correct Answers-Carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids
What type of sugar is glucose? - Correct Answers-Hexose
How many types of glucose are there? - Correct Answers-2
What are the names of the types of glucose? - Correct Answers-Alpha-glucose and beta-glucose
Structure of Alpha Glucose - Correct Answers-
Structure of Beta Glucose - Correct Answers-
Are the types of glucose isomers? - Correct Answers-Yes
What is a condensation reaction? - Correct Answers-When 2 molecules join together with the
formation of a new chemical bond, releasing a water molecule
Condensation reactions join which molecules? - Correct Answers-Monosaccharides
What type of chemical bond forms between 2 monosaccharides? - Correct Answers-Glycosidic
What is formed when 2 monosaccharides join together? - Correct Answers-Disaccharide
Which 2 molecules make maltose? - Correct Answers-Alpha glucose and alpha glucose
What is sucrose made from? - Correct Answers-Alpha glucose and fructose
, Which 2 molecules make lactose? - Correct Answers-Alpha glucose and galactose
What is a hydrolysis reaction? - Correct Answers-When 2 molecules are broken apart using a
water molecule
What is broken down by hydrolysis to form monosaccharides? - Correct Answers-Carbohydrates
Benedict's Test for Reducing Sugars I - Correct Answers-Add Benedict's reagent to a sample and
add it to a water bath which is boiling
Benedict's Test for Reducing Sugars II - Correct Answers-If the test is positive, it will form a
coloured precipitate, if it's negative, it'll stay blue
Benedict's Test for Non-Reducing Sugars I - Correct Answers-Get a new sample of the test
solution, add DILUTE HCl and heat it in a water bath that has been brought to the boil
Benedict's Test for Non-Reducing Sugars II - Correct Answers-Neutralise the solution with
sodium hydrogencarbonate
Benedict's Test for Non-Reducing Sugars III - Correct Answers-Carry out the Benedict's test as
normal
Polysaccharide - Correct Answers-Formed when more than 2 monosaccharides are joined
together by condensation reactions
Function of Starch - Correct Answers-Energy store
What makes up starch? - Correct Answers-Amylose and amylopectin
Structure of amylose - Correct Answers-Long, unbranched chain of alpha-glucose; has a coiled
structure, making it compact and good for storage
Structure of amylopectin - Correct Answers-Long, branched chain of alpha-glucose, side
branches allow the enzymes that break the molecule down to access the bonds easily, meaning
glucose can be released quickly
Features of starch - Correct Answers-Insoluble in water, doesn't affect water potential so water
doesn't enter the cell, which would make them swell
- Biological Molecules
Monomers - Correct Answers-Small basic molecular units
Examples of monomers - Correct Answers-monosaccharides, amino acids and nucleotides
Polymers - Correct Answers-Large complex molecules composed of long chains of monomers
joined together
Examples of polymers - Correct Answers-Carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids
What type of sugar is glucose? - Correct Answers-Hexose
How many types of glucose are there? - Correct Answers-2
What are the names of the types of glucose? - Correct Answers-Alpha-glucose and beta-glucose
Structure of Alpha Glucose - Correct Answers-
Structure of Beta Glucose - Correct Answers-
Are the types of glucose isomers? - Correct Answers-Yes
What is a condensation reaction? - Correct Answers-When 2 molecules join together with the
formation of a new chemical bond, releasing a water molecule
Condensation reactions join which molecules? - Correct Answers-Monosaccharides
What type of chemical bond forms between 2 monosaccharides? - Correct Answers-Glycosidic
What is formed when 2 monosaccharides join together? - Correct Answers-Disaccharide
Which 2 molecules make maltose? - Correct Answers-Alpha glucose and alpha glucose
What is sucrose made from? - Correct Answers-Alpha glucose and fructose
, Which 2 molecules make lactose? - Correct Answers-Alpha glucose and galactose
What is a hydrolysis reaction? - Correct Answers-When 2 molecules are broken apart using a
water molecule
What is broken down by hydrolysis to form monosaccharides? - Correct Answers-Carbohydrates
Benedict's Test for Reducing Sugars I - Correct Answers-Add Benedict's reagent to a sample and
add it to a water bath which is boiling
Benedict's Test for Reducing Sugars II - Correct Answers-If the test is positive, it will form a
coloured precipitate, if it's negative, it'll stay blue
Benedict's Test for Non-Reducing Sugars I - Correct Answers-Get a new sample of the test
solution, add DILUTE HCl and heat it in a water bath that has been brought to the boil
Benedict's Test for Non-Reducing Sugars II - Correct Answers-Neutralise the solution with
sodium hydrogencarbonate
Benedict's Test for Non-Reducing Sugars III - Correct Answers-Carry out the Benedict's test as
normal
Polysaccharide - Correct Answers-Formed when more than 2 monosaccharides are joined
together by condensation reactions
Function of Starch - Correct Answers-Energy store
What makes up starch? - Correct Answers-Amylose and amylopectin
Structure of amylose - Correct Answers-Long, unbranched chain of alpha-glucose; has a coiled
structure, making it compact and good for storage
Structure of amylopectin - Correct Answers-Long, branched chain of alpha-glucose, side
branches allow the enzymes that break the molecule down to access the bonds easily, meaning
glucose can be released quickly
Features of starch - Correct Answers-Insoluble in water, doesn't affect water potential so water
doesn't enter the cell, which would make them swell
