,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Exploring Biology in the Laboratory 3rd
Edition Pendarvis
Chapter 1 The Starting Point: Understanding the Scientific Method
1. Short answer: Describe characteristics and the role of different members of the termite
society.
ANS:
The vast majority of members in a termite colony are wingless, sterile, and blind workers.
They are milky white in color and possess hard-chewing mouth parts. Workers look after
the eggs and nymphs, feed the soldiers and reproductive forms, build and maintain the
colony, and forage for food. The workers are responsible for the telltale signs of termite
damage. Soldiers are also wingless, sterile, and blind. This caste has a milky-white body
with a yellowish-brown head and prominent mandibles. Soldiers defend the colony, mostly
from ants. The reproductives, also called the royal caste, consist of the king and queen.
Their only function is to reproduce. The royal caste is dark brown in color and has
functional eyes. The queen seems to be striped because the segments of her abdomen are
distended. Swarming termites are called alates or swarmers. They are winged reproductives
that eventually establish new nests.
PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.1 Check Your Understanding
TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment
2. Short answer: Termites use pheromones for communication. Give several alternate
examples for the use of pheromones.
ANS:
Specific pheromones are used in mating, producing an alarm, keeping nymphs from forming
reproductive castes, and establishing a trail. Termites use the trail hormones when they are
attempting to lure other termites to follow them to a food source or other region of interest.
PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.1 Check Your Understanding
TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment
3. Short answer: Restate your hypothesis. Was your hypothesis rejected or accepted? Why?
ANS:
This answer will vary. The majority of students will state, “As the temperature decreases,
the breathing rate of goldfish will decrease.”
PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.2 Check Your Understanding
TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment
4. Short answer: Discuss how your group’s results compared with the results of the entire
class.
ANS:
This answer will vary.
PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.2 Check Your Understanding
TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment
Page 2 of 114
,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Exploring Biology in the Laboratory 3rd
Edition Pendarvis
5. Short answer: Discuss how the theme of the goldfish experiment can apply to the natural
world and the care of aquatic animals.
ANS:
The basic scheme could be applied to how fish respond to changes of temperature in the
natural world. It could also be applied to the transport of goldfish from distributors.
PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.2 Check Your Understanding
TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment
6. Short answer: List some possible sources of error in this experiment.
ANS:
Misreading the thermometer, not accurately counting the goldfish breaths, and not allowing
sufficient time between trials.
PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.2 Check Your Understanding
TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment
7. Define osmosis.
a. The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from regions of lesser
concentration to regions of greater concentration.
b. The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from regions of greater
concentration to regions of lesser concentration.
c. The random movement of molecules from regions of greater concentration to
regions of lesser concentration.
d. The process by which carrier proteins carry specific molecules across the cell
membrane.
e. The process by which hydrostatic pressure forces molecules through a cell
membrane.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding
TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment
8. Fill in the blank: In a typical solution, the is the dissolving medium and the
is the substance dissolved.
To receive points, you must separate your answers with a comma and a space (e.g., first
answer, second answer).
ANS: solvent, solute
PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding
TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment
9. Define isotonic solution.
a. There is a higher concentration of solute relative to the inside of the gummy bear.
b. The amount of solute in the gummy bear is equal to the amount of solute in the
solution.
Page 3 of 114
, DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Exploring Biology in the Laboratory 3rd
Edition Pendarvis
c. There is a lower concentration of solute relative to the inside of the gummy bear.
d. None of the above.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding
TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment
10. Define hypotonic solution.
a. There is a higher concentration of solute relative to the inside of the gummy bear.
b. The amount of solute in the gummy bear is equal to the amount of solute in the
solution.
c. There is a lower concentration of solute relative to the inside of the gummy bear.
d. None of the above.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding
TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment
11. Define hypertonic solution.
a. There is a higher concentration of solute relative to the inside of the gummy bear.
b. The amount of solute in the gummy bear is equal to the amount of solute in the
solution.
c. There is a lower concentration of solute relative to the inside of the gummy bear.
d. None of the above.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding
TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment
12. Identify the independent and dependent variables in this activity.
a. Independent variable: change in gummy bear. Dependent variable: size of gummy
bear.
b. Independent variable: size of gummy bear. Dependent variable: change in gummy
bear.
c. Independent variable: change in gummy bear. Dependent variable: solution.
d. Independent variable: solution. Dependent variable: change in gummy bear.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding
TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment
13. Which are control variables from this activity? Select all that apply.
a. Temperature.
b. Change in gummy bear.
c. Size of gummy bear.
d. Solution.
e. Water source.
ANS: A, C, E PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding
TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment
14. As the result of the experiment, was the gummy bear placed in tap water in an isotonic,
hypotonic, or hypertonic solution? How do you know?
a. Isotonic. There were no notable changes.
b. It decreased in size and mass.
Page 4 of 114
Edition Pendarvis
Chapter 1 The Starting Point: Understanding the Scientific Method
1. Short answer: Describe characteristics and the role of different members of the termite
society.
ANS:
The vast majority of members in a termite colony are wingless, sterile, and blind workers.
They are milky white in color and possess hard-chewing mouth parts. Workers look after
the eggs and nymphs, feed the soldiers and reproductive forms, build and maintain the
colony, and forage for food. The workers are responsible for the telltale signs of termite
damage. Soldiers are also wingless, sterile, and blind. This caste has a milky-white body
with a yellowish-brown head and prominent mandibles. Soldiers defend the colony, mostly
from ants. The reproductives, also called the royal caste, consist of the king and queen.
Their only function is to reproduce. The royal caste is dark brown in color and has
functional eyes. The queen seems to be striped because the segments of her abdomen are
distended. Swarming termites are called alates or swarmers. They are winged reproductives
that eventually establish new nests.
PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.1 Check Your Understanding
TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment
2. Short answer: Termites use pheromones for communication. Give several alternate
examples for the use of pheromones.
ANS:
Specific pheromones are used in mating, producing an alarm, keeping nymphs from forming
reproductive castes, and establishing a trail. Termites use the trail hormones when they are
attempting to lure other termites to follow them to a food source or other region of interest.
PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.1 Check Your Understanding
TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment
3. Short answer: Restate your hypothesis. Was your hypothesis rejected or accepted? Why?
ANS:
This answer will vary. The majority of students will state, “As the temperature decreases,
the breathing rate of goldfish will decrease.”
PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.2 Check Your Understanding
TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment
4. Short answer: Discuss how your group’s results compared with the results of the entire
class.
ANS:
This answer will vary.
PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.2 Check Your Understanding
TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment
Page 2 of 114
,DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Exploring Biology in the Laboratory 3rd
Edition Pendarvis
5. Short answer: Discuss how the theme of the goldfish experiment can apply to the natural
world and the care of aquatic animals.
ANS:
The basic scheme could be applied to how fish respond to changes of temperature in the
natural world. It could also be applied to the transport of goldfish from distributors.
PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.2 Check Your Understanding
TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment
6. Short answer: List some possible sources of error in this experiment.
ANS:
Misreading the thermometer, not accurately counting the goldfish breaths, and not allowing
sufficient time between trials.
PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.2 Check Your Understanding
TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment
7. Define osmosis.
a. The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from regions of lesser
concentration to regions of greater concentration.
b. The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from regions of greater
concentration to regions of lesser concentration.
c. The random movement of molecules from regions of greater concentration to
regions of lesser concentration.
d. The process by which carrier proteins carry specific molecules across the cell
membrane.
e. The process by which hydrostatic pressure forces molecules through a cell
membrane.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding
TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment
8. Fill in the blank: In a typical solution, the is the dissolving medium and the
is the substance dissolved.
To receive points, you must separate your answers with a comma and a space (e.g., first
answer, second answer).
ANS: solvent, solute
PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding
TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment
9. Define isotonic solution.
a. There is a higher concentration of solute relative to the inside of the gummy bear.
b. The amount of solute in the gummy bear is equal to the amount of solute in the
solution.
Page 3 of 114
, DOWNLOAD THE Test Bank for Exploring Biology in the Laboratory 3rd
Edition Pendarvis
c. There is a lower concentration of solute relative to the inside of the gummy bear.
d. None of the above.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding
TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment
10. Define hypotonic solution.
a. There is a higher concentration of solute relative to the inside of the gummy bear.
b. The amount of solute in the gummy bear is equal to the amount of solute in the
solution.
c. There is a lower concentration of solute relative to the inside of the gummy bear.
d. None of the above.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding
TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment
11. Define hypertonic solution.
a. There is a higher concentration of solute relative to the inside of the gummy bear.
b. The amount of solute in the gummy bear is equal to the amount of solute in the
solution.
c. There is a lower concentration of solute relative to the inside of the gummy bear.
d. None of the above.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding
TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment
12. Identify the independent and dependent variables in this activity.
a. Independent variable: change in gummy bear. Dependent variable: size of gummy
bear.
b. Independent variable: size of gummy bear. Dependent variable: change in gummy
bear.
c. Independent variable: change in gummy bear. Dependent variable: solution.
d. Independent variable: solution. Dependent variable: change in gummy bear.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding
TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment
13. Which are control variables from this activity? Select all that apply.
a. Temperature.
b. Change in gummy bear.
c. Size of gummy bear.
d. Solution.
e. Water source.
ANS: A, C, E PTS: 1 REF: Ex. 1.3 Check Your Understanding
TOP: Chapter 1 Assessment
14. As the result of the experiment, was the gummy bear placed in tap water in an isotonic,
hypotonic, or hypertonic solution? How do you know?
a. Isotonic. There were no notable changes.
b. It decreased in size and mass.
Page 4 of 114
