HCAL EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is the most accurate conclusion by the nurse about a patient's immune system when assessing
well-healing wounds that were contaminated during a car crash? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Innate
immunity is being effective.
Which patient finding should the nurse report to the provider? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Monocytes
5.1 × 109/L
Match the type of immunity with the source from which it is obtained. - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Natural active-Disease
Artificial active-Immunization
Natural passive-Breast milk
Artificial passive-Serum injection
The nurse will anticipate administering a prescribed antibiotic to a patient with which infection? -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Staphylococcus aureus
Which actions will the nurse avoid to prevent indirect transmission of pathogens when caring for a
patient with an infection? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Handling medical equipment
Changing patient linens
Removing food trays
Disposing of tissues
Which statement by the patient on droplet precautions indicates understanding of how to prevent the
spread of infection? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅I'll cover my mouth whenever coughing or sneezing
Which clinical manifestations of sepsis differentiate it from a systemic infection? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Oliguria
Hypotension
Confusion
Hypothermia
,Low platelets
Which patient assessment indicates the patient has a chronic infection? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Persistent fatigue
Match the situation with its definition. - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Isolation-Separates those with
disease from those without disease
Quarantine-Restricts movement of those exposed to an infectious agent
Protective isolation-Prevents exposure of person with compromised immunity from others
Which action by the nurse contributed to a patient developing a health care-associated infection (HAI)? -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Use of alcohol-based hand cleaner prior to inserting an indwelling urinary
catheter
Which action will the nurse take when caring for a patient with drug-resistant Clostridium difficile (C-
Diff) to prevent spreading the infection to other patients? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Teach the
patient to wash hands after toileting.
The nurse will take which action when caring for the patient admitted with influenza? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Place in a single room on droplet precautions
Which action will the nurse take when implementing standard precautions? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Donning gloves prior to administering a patient intramuscular injection
Which collaborative intervention does the nurse determine to implement for the patient with an
infection, pain, and fever? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Acetaminophen
Which intervention does the nurse determine addresses the collaborative goal of "eradication of the
pathogenic agent"? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Oseltamivir prescribed for influenza
, Which action does the nurse determine to take based on findings of a localized, purulent, infected leg
lesion? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Prepare the patient for incision and drainage.
When assessing a patient with a respiratory infection, the nurse will anticipate which abnormal findings?
- CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Lung crackles
Wheezes
Greenish sputum
Heart rate 102 bpm
Oral temperature 101°F
What conclusion can be drawn by the nurse when a patient shows no improvement in assessment
baseline after two weeks of treatment for an infection? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Collaborative
interventions were ineffective.
Which statement by a patient can the nurse determine indicates the need for further teaching about a
prescribed anti-infective medication? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅"I can miss a dose as long as I take it
the next time the dose is due."
The nurse determines to take which action based on the patient's assessment finding of cloudy, foul-
smelling urine? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Encourage increased fluid intake.
Which innate immune functions provide immediate protection from foreign antigens? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Phagocytosis of identified foreign cells
External secretions neutralizing antigens
Stomach acid-destroying bacteria
Identifying malignant cells as foreign
What is the most accurate conclusion by the nurse about a patient's immune system when assessing
well-healing wounds that were contaminated during a car crash? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Innate
immunity is being effective.
Which patient finding should the nurse report to the provider? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Monocytes
5.1 × 109/L
Match the type of immunity with the source from which it is obtained. - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Natural active-Disease
Artificial active-Immunization
Natural passive-Breast milk
Artificial passive-Serum injection
The nurse will anticipate administering a prescribed antibiotic to a patient with which infection? -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Staphylococcus aureus
Which actions will the nurse avoid to prevent indirect transmission of pathogens when caring for a
patient with an infection? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Handling medical equipment
Changing patient linens
Removing food trays
Disposing of tissues
Which statement by the patient on droplet precautions indicates understanding of how to prevent the
spread of infection? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅I'll cover my mouth whenever coughing or sneezing
Which clinical manifestations of sepsis differentiate it from a systemic infection? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Oliguria
Hypotension
Confusion
Hypothermia
,Low platelets
Which patient assessment indicates the patient has a chronic infection? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Persistent fatigue
Match the situation with its definition. - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Isolation-Separates those with
disease from those without disease
Quarantine-Restricts movement of those exposed to an infectious agent
Protective isolation-Prevents exposure of person with compromised immunity from others
Which action by the nurse contributed to a patient developing a health care-associated infection (HAI)? -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Use of alcohol-based hand cleaner prior to inserting an indwelling urinary
catheter
Which action will the nurse take when caring for a patient with drug-resistant Clostridium difficile (C-
Diff) to prevent spreading the infection to other patients? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Teach the
patient to wash hands after toileting.
The nurse will take which action when caring for the patient admitted with influenza? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Place in a single room on droplet precautions
Which action will the nurse take when implementing standard precautions? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Donning gloves prior to administering a patient intramuscular injection
Which collaborative intervention does the nurse determine to implement for the patient with an
infection, pain, and fever? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Acetaminophen
Which intervention does the nurse determine addresses the collaborative goal of "eradication of the
pathogenic agent"? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Oseltamivir prescribed for influenza
, Which action does the nurse determine to take based on findings of a localized, purulent, infected leg
lesion? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Prepare the patient for incision and drainage.
When assessing a patient with a respiratory infection, the nurse will anticipate which abnormal findings?
- CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Lung crackles
Wheezes
Greenish sputum
Heart rate 102 bpm
Oral temperature 101°F
What conclusion can be drawn by the nurse when a patient shows no improvement in assessment
baseline after two weeks of treatment for an infection? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Collaborative
interventions were ineffective.
Which statement by a patient can the nurse determine indicates the need for further teaching about a
prescribed anti-infective medication? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅"I can miss a dose as long as I take it
the next time the dose is due."
The nurse determines to take which action based on the patient's assessment finding of cloudy, foul-
smelling urine? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Encourage increased fluid intake.
Which innate immune functions provide immediate protection from foreign antigens? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅Phagocytosis of identified foreign cells
External secretions neutralizing antigens
Stomach acid-destroying bacteria
Identifying malignant cells as foreign
