6/10/25, 9:50 AM PALS EXAM!!
PALS ACTUAL PRACTICE EXAM 2025-2026 \NEWEST
VERSION WITH ALL UPDATED QUESTIONS AND
ACCURATE DETAILED ANSWERS \VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
ALREADY GRADED A+
Q: What is developmental explains the changes in thought, behaviour, reasoning, and
psychology? functioning over time due to biological, individual, and
environmental influences.
1. inheritance factors
Q: What are Mendel's four 2. genes come in pairs
3. dominant and recessive genes
key ideas that form the
4. law of segregation
basis of modern genetic
theory?
Q: What is socioemotional A: Older adults focus on emotionally meaningful goals and
selectivity theory? relationships.
Q: What is attachment? A: A strong emotional bond with a caregiver.
A: Pre-attachment (0-2m), Discriminating (2-7m), Clear-
Q: What are the 4 phases of
attachment? cut (7m-3y), Goal-corrected (3+y).
Q: What are Bowlby’s views A: Attachment is innate and linked to survival; forms through
on attachment? reciprocal interactions.
Q: What are Ainsworth’s A: Secure (B), Avoidant (A), Resistant (C), Disorganised (D).
attachment types?
Q: What influences A: Caregiver responsiveness, not temperament alone.
attachment quality?
Q: What is an internal A: Mental template of relationships formed from early
working model? attachments.
Q: What are the 3 functions of A: Support, learning, caregiving.
sibling relationships?
Q: What are Baumrind’s 3 A: Authoritative (best), Authoritarian (strict), Permissive (lenient).
parenting styles?
Q: What are sociometric A: Popular, Controversial, Rejected, Neglected, Average.
categories in peer status?
1/20
,6/10/25, 9:50 AM PALS EXAM!!
Q: What causes peer A: Aggression, poor social skills, lack of prosocial traits.
rejection?
Q: What are the 3 models of A: Parent-effects, child-effects, transactional (mutual influence).
parent-child influence?
Q: What are the benefits of A: Better social skills, more cooperation, less aggression.
having friends?
Q: What develops after 6 A: Joint attention and awareness that others may see things
months in relation to self- differently.
awareness?
A: A test of self-recognition using a mirror and a red
Q: What is the Rouge Test?
dot. By 24 months, most children touch their own
nose.
Q: What is the categorical A: Awareness of self based on social categories like gender and
self? age.
Q: What factors help develop A: Brain development, social interaction, siblings, parent talks, and
self- awareness? cultural values.
A: Biologically based differences in emotional reactivity
Q: What is temperament?
and regulation, stable over time.
Q: What are Thomas and A: Easy, Difficult, and Slow-to-warm-up.
Chess’s 3 temperament
types?
Q: What are Rothbart’s 3 A: Surgency/extraversion, Negative affectivity, and Effortful
dimensions of control.
temperament?
Q: What is "goodness of fit"? A: How well a child's temperament matches their environment.
Q: What is self-concept? A: Your understanding and evaluation of who you are.
Q: How does self-concept A: Becomes more complex, balanced, and based on personal
change from early to values.
late adolescence?
Q: What is self-esteem? A: How positively or negatively we view ourselves.
Q: What are the 5 domains A: Scholastic competence, social acceptance, behaviour,
of self-esteem in mid- athletic skills, and appearance.
primary school?
Q: What happens to self- A: Fluctuates in early teens, rises into adulthood,
esteem in adolescence and peaks in 50s-60s, declines in old age.
old age?
2/20
, 6/10/25, 9:50 AM PALS EXAM!!
Q: Define biological sex, A: Sex = biological traits, gender = social roles, gender
gender, and gender identity = personal sense of gender.
identity.
Q: What is Kohlberg’s theory A: Gender identity (2-3 yrs), stability (4-5 yrs), consistency (6-7
of gender development? yrs).
Q: What is the gender A: Adolescents face more pressure to conform to gender
intensification hypothesis? roles; mixed research support.
Q: What are the 3 cognitive, emotional, behavioural
components of morality?
Q: What are Piaget’s 2 stages A: Heteronomous morality (rules unchangeable) and
of moral reasoning? Autonomous morality (rules are flexible).
Preconventional (self-interest)
Q: What are Kohlberg’s 3
Conventional (social approval &
levels of moral reasoning?
rules) Postconventional (abstract
moral principles)
Obedience/puni
shment Self-
Q: What are Kohlberg’s 6 interest
stages of moral reasoning Good
person
Law and
order
Social
contract
Universal
ethics
Q: What is the difference Mitosis: Normal cell division; produces genetically identical body
between mitosis and cells
Meiosis: Produces gametes, division; each gamete has half the
meiosis?
chromosome number
46 total
Q: How many chromosomes
chromosomes
do humans have and how
22 pairs of
are they organised?
autosomes
1 pair of sex chromosomes (XX or XY)
3/20
PALS ACTUAL PRACTICE EXAM 2025-2026 \NEWEST
VERSION WITH ALL UPDATED QUESTIONS AND
ACCURATE DETAILED ANSWERS \VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
ALREADY GRADED A+
Q: What is developmental explains the changes in thought, behaviour, reasoning, and
psychology? functioning over time due to biological, individual, and
environmental influences.
1. inheritance factors
Q: What are Mendel's four 2. genes come in pairs
3. dominant and recessive genes
key ideas that form the
4. law of segregation
basis of modern genetic
theory?
Q: What is socioemotional A: Older adults focus on emotionally meaningful goals and
selectivity theory? relationships.
Q: What is attachment? A: A strong emotional bond with a caregiver.
A: Pre-attachment (0-2m), Discriminating (2-7m), Clear-
Q: What are the 4 phases of
attachment? cut (7m-3y), Goal-corrected (3+y).
Q: What are Bowlby’s views A: Attachment is innate and linked to survival; forms through
on attachment? reciprocal interactions.
Q: What are Ainsworth’s A: Secure (B), Avoidant (A), Resistant (C), Disorganised (D).
attachment types?
Q: What influences A: Caregiver responsiveness, not temperament alone.
attachment quality?
Q: What is an internal A: Mental template of relationships formed from early
working model? attachments.
Q: What are the 3 functions of A: Support, learning, caregiving.
sibling relationships?
Q: What are Baumrind’s 3 A: Authoritative (best), Authoritarian (strict), Permissive (lenient).
parenting styles?
Q: What are sociometric A: Popular, Controversial, Rejected, Neglected, Average.
categories in peer status?
1/20
,6/10/25, 9:50 AM PALS EXAM!!
Q: What causes peer A: Aggression, poor social skills, lack of prosocial traits.
rejection?
Q: What are the 3 models of A: Parent-effects, child-effects, transactional (mutual influence).
parent-child influence?
Q: What are the benefits of A: Better social skills, more cooperation, less aggression.
having friends?
Q: What develops after 6 A: Joint attention and awareness that others may see things
months in relation to self- differently.
awareness?
A: A test of self-recognition using a mirror and a red
Q: What is the Rouge Test?
dot. By 24 months, most children touch their own
nose.
Q: What is the categorical A: Awareness of self based on social categories like gender and
self? age.
Q: What factors help develop A: Brain development, social interaction, siblings, parent talks, and
self- awareness? cultural values.
A: Biologically based differences in emotional reactivity
Q: What is temperament?
and regulation, stable over time.
Q: What are Thomas and A: Easy, Difficult, and Slow-to-warm-up.
Chess’s 3 temperament
types?
Q: What are Rothbart’s 3 A: Surgency/extraversion, Negative affectivity, and Effortful
dimensions of control.
temperament?
Q: What is "goodness of fit"? A: How well a child's temperament matches their environment.
Q: What is self-concept? A: Your understanding and evaluation of who you are.
Q: How does self-concept A: Becomes more complex, balanced, and based on personal
change from early to values.
late adolescence?
Q: What is self-esteem? A: How positively or negatively we view ourselves.
Q: What are the 5 domains A: Scholastic competence, social acceptance, behaviour,
of self-esteem in mid- athletic skills, and appearance.
primary school?
Q: What happens to self- A: Fluctuates in early teens, rises into adulthood,
esteem in adolescence and peaks in 50s-60s, declines in old age.
old age?
2/20
, 6/10/25, 9:50 AM PALS EXAM!!
Q: Define biological sex, A: Sex = biological traits, gender = social roles, gender
gender, and gender identity = personal sense of gender.
identity.
Q: What is Kohlberg’s theory A: Gender identity (2-3 yrs), stability (4-5 yrs), consistency (6-7
of gender development? yrs).
Q: What is the gender A: Adolescents face more pressure to conform to gender
intensification hypothesis? roles; mixed research support.
Q: What are the 3 cognitive, emotional, behavioural
components of morality?
Q: What are Piaget’s 2 stages A: Heteronomous morality (rules unchangeable) and
of moral reasoning? Autonomous morality (rules are flexible).
Preconventional (self-interest)
Q: What are Kohlberg’s 3
Conventional (social approval &
levels of moral reasoning?
rules) Postconventional (abstract
moral principles)
Obedience/puni
shment Self-
Q: What are Kohlberg’s 6 interest
stages of moral reasoning Good
person
Law and
order
Social
contract
Universal
ethics
Q: What is the difference Mitosis: Normal cell division; produces genetically identical body
between mitosis and cells
Meiosis: Produces gametes, division; each gamete has half the
meiosis?
chromosome number
46 total
Q: How many chromosomes
chromosomes
do humans have and how
22 pairs of
are they organised?
autosomes
1 pair of sex chromosomes (XX or XY)
3/20
