Female and Male Anatomy summary IEB

FEMALE AND MALE ANATOMY


Sexual Reproduction (Human Life Cycle)

●​ Definition: Production of new individuals by combining genetic material from two parents.​

●​ Importance:​

○​ Essential for species survival and evolution.​

○​ Transfers genes to the next generation.​



Human Sexual Reproduction

●​ Parents: Each has 46 chromosomes (diploid = 2n).​

●​ Gametes:​

○​ Formed via meiosis.​

○​ Male gametes = sperm cells (23 chromosomes, haploid = n).​

○​ Female gametes = egg cells/ova (23 chromosomes, haploid = n).​




○​

, Life Cycle Overview

1.​ Spermatogenesis (produces sperm with 23 chromosomes).​

2.​ Oogenesis (produces egg with 23 chromosomes).​

3.​ Fertilisation:​

○​ Fusion of sperm and egg nuclei.​

○​ Forms a zygote with 46 chromosomes (diploid = 2n).​

4.​ Mitosis:​

○​ Zygote divides and grows into a multicellular male or female, each with 46
chromosomes.​



Genetic Variation

●​ Offspring are not identical to parents or to each other due to genetic recombination.​



The Male Reproductive System

Main Components

●​ Primary sex organ: Testes​

●​ Ducts and tubules: Epididymis, vas deferens, urethra​

●​ Accessory glands: Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, Cowper’s glands​

●​ External genitalia: Penis, scrotum, foreskin