US
,MLE Step 3 Pediatrics Essentials: 290
High-Yield Exam Questions & Correct
at delivery of newborn
give 0.5% erythromcyin opthalmic ointment
1mg of vitamin K IM to prevent hemorrhagic disease
before discharge of newborn
hep B vaccine if mother if HBsAg negative
hepatitis IVIG with hep B vaccine if mother is positive
hearing test
neontal screening - phenylketonuria, galactosemia, hypothyroidism
apgar
1 minutes- idea of what labor like
5 minutes- response to therapy
mongolian spots
blue/gray macules, fade in first few years, rule out child abuse
erythema toxicum
firm yellow white papules/postules with erythematous base at second day of life
self limited
port wine stain
rule out sturge weber (need tx for seizures, glaucoma)
hemangioma
red, sharply demarcated, will disappear in 5-9 years
consider underlying organs aka can't see
can cause high output heart failure
preauricular tags
,hearing loss, ultrasounds kidneys
coloboma of iris
defect of iris
think CHARGE
coloboma, heart defect, atreasia of nasal choanae, growth retardation, GU problems, ear problems
aniridia
no iris, think Wilms tumor
brachial cleft cyst
mass lateral
remnant of embryonic development
give abx or remove if large
thyroglossal cysts
mass midline that moves, assoc with infection, thyroid problems, scan for them
omphalocele
screen for trisomy 13,18,21
with sac
gastroschisis
instestinal atresia, lateral to midelin without sace
surgery
umbilical hernia
think congenital hypothyroidism, screen TSH
hydrocele
think inguinal hernia
undescended testes
assoc with malignancy if >1yr
treat at 1 year- beta HCG or testosterone or surgery
hypospadias
down peehole, no circumscision
epispadias
, urinary incontinence, surgical eval for bladder extrophy
inguinal hernia
usually indirect, think surgery
infant of diabetic mother
see hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, hyperbiliribunemai, polycythemia
cardiac problems
small left colon
tx of infant of diabetic mother
see jittery, see macrosomia (all except larger brain), tx with glucose and small meals
IODM reasons
baby becomes hypoglycemic due to insulin excess
Resp distress of newborn ALL orders
chest xray, abg, blood cultures, poc, cbc, cranial u/s
Resp distress of newborn tx
oxygen, nasal CPAP, empiric abx if needed
think congenital hear defects
Respiratory distress syndrome CC
premature infant, tachypnea, nasal grunting, intercostal retractions within hours
RDS dx
see hypoxemia, hypercarbia and resp acidosis
chest xray, atelectasis, air bronchograms
lecithin-sphingomyelin ratios on fluid prior to birth
RDS tx
oxygen and nasal CPAP, exogenous surfactant administration
complications of RDS
retinopathy of prematurity, bronchopylm dyplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage
primary prevention of RDS
betamethasone, avoid prematurity
,MLE Step 3 Pediatrics Essentials: 290
High-Yield Exam Questions & Correct
at delivery of newborn
give 0.5% erythromcyin opthalmic ointment
1mg of vitamin K IM to prevent hemorrhagic disease
before discharge of newborn
hep B vaccine if mother if HBsAg negative
hepatitis IVIG with hep B vaccine if mother is positive
hearing test
neontal screening - phenylketonuria, galactosemia, hypothyroidism
apgar
1 minutes- idea of what labor like
5 minutes- response to therapy
mongolian spots
blue/gray macules, fade in first few years, rule out child abuse
erythema toxicum
firm yellow white papules/postules with erythematous base at second day of life
self limited
port wine stain
rule out sturge weber (need tx for seizures, glaucoma)
hemangioma
red, sharply demarcated, will disappear in 5-9 years
consider underlying organs aka can't see
can cause high output heart failure
preauricular tags
,hearing loss, ultrasounds kidneys
coloboma of iris
defect of iris
think CHARGE
coloboma, heart defect, atreasia of nasal choanae, growth retardation, GU problems, ear problems
aniridia
no iris, think Wilms tumor
brachial cleft cyst
mass lateral
remnant of embryonic development
give abx or remove if large
thyroglossal cysts
mass midline that moves, assoc with infection, thyroid problems, scan for them
omphalocele
screen for trisomy 13,18,21
with sac
gastroschisis
instestinal atresia, lateral to midelin without sace
surgery
umbilical hernia
think congenital hypothyroidism, screen TSH
hydrocele
think inguinal hernia
undescended testes
assoc with malignancy if >1yr
treat at 1 year- beta HCG or testosterone or surgery
hypospadias
down peehole, no circumscision
epispadias
, urinary incontinence, surgical eval for bladder extrophy
inguinal hernia
usually indirect, think surgery
infant of diabetic mother
see hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, hyperbiliribunemai, polycythemia
cardiac problems
small left colon
tx of infant of diabetic mother
see jittery, see macrosomia (all except larger brain), tx with glucose and small meals
IODM reasons
baby becomes hypoglycemic due to insulin excess
Resp distress of newborn ALL orders
chest xray, abg, blood cultures, poc, cbc, cranial u/s
Resp distress of newborn tx
oxygen, nasal CPAP, empiric abx if needed
think congenital hear defects
Respiratory distress syndrome CC
premature infant, tachypnea, nasal grunting, intercostal retractions within hours
RDS dx
see hypoxemia, hypercarbia and resp acidosis
chest xray, atelectasis, air bronchograms
lecithin-sphingomyelin ratios on fluid prior to birth
RDS tx
oxygen and nasal CPAP, exogenous surfactant administration
complications of RDS
retinopathy of prematurity, bronchopylm dyplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage
primary prevention of RDS
betamethasone, avoid prematurity
