community exam 1
Nightingale's Environmental Theory *** -highlights relationship between an individual's environment
and health
-depicts health as a continuum
-emphasizes preventive care
Health Belief Model *** - predict or explain health behaviors
- emphasize indiviual change
- assumes preventitive health actions are for avoiding disease
- describes the likiness of avoiding disease base on: threat of disease, modifying factors, cues to action (
ex: ads for flu shot), and benefits vs. barriers
Milio's framework for prevention *** - change at the community level
- behavioral changes in a large number of people can lead to social change
- relationship between health deficits and availability of health-promoting resources
complements HBM
Pender's Health Promotion Model *** - Does not consider health risk as a factor that provokes change
- Examines factors that affect individual actions to promote and protect health like personal factors,
fealings/barriers associated with that action, attitudes of others and competing demands
Transtheoretical Model/Stages of Change *** change happens in 6 stages
- Precontemplation- unaware that they need change
- Contemplation- considers change
- Preparation- plans
- Action
- maintenance
,- Termination- conscious efforts not need because they're consistent- most done reach this point
The Precaution Adoption Process Model *** -similar to the TTM and SOC models
-includes a stage of being unengaged between the stages of being unaware and contemplating
-does not include termination stage
essentials of community nursing *** - Determinants of health
- Health indicators
- Nurses
- Community
determinants of health *** Client or environmental factors that influence the client's health
- Ex: nutrition, social support, education, finances, transportation, biology and genetics
Health indicators *** - mortality rates, disease prevalence, physical activity, tobacco use ect.. describe
the health status of a community and serve as targets for the improvement of a community's health.
nurses *** determine a community's health by examining if the community's collective health needs
Community *** group of people that share geographic, civic, and/or social parameters
Community health nursing involves *** a synthesis of nursing and public health theory.
community health nursing goals (community-oriented nursing) *** promote, preserve, and maintain the
health of populations by the delivery of health services
, Community health nurses *** - Nurses who practice in the community
- they can work in community health clinic, county health department, in a clients home, school,
workplace
Public Health Nursing *** population-focused and involves a combination of nursing knowledge with
social and public health sciences.
Public Health Nursing goals *** promoting health and preventing disease
Public health provides 10 essential services *** 1.conduct research for public health problems
Assessment: Using systematic methods to monitor the health of a population
2.monitor health problems
3.investigate and diagnose health problems
Policy development: Developing laws and practices
4. Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues.
5. Mobilize community partnerships to help solve
6. Develop policies and plans
Assurance: Making sure health care personnel and services are accessible
7. Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety.
8. Link people to needed personal health services
9. Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of services
10. Ensure a competent public health and personal health care workforce.
Community-Oriented Nursing *** Focus of Care: Aggregates, communities, populations (public health);
can include at-risk or unserved individuals/families
Primary Goal: Health promotion and disease prevention
Nursing Activities:Usually indirect; can include direct care of at-risk individuals and populations
Nightingale's Environmental Theory *** -highlights relationship between an individual's environment
and health
-depicts health as a continuum
-emphasizes preventive care
Health Belief Model *** - predict or explain health behaviors
- emphasize indiviual change
- assumes preventitive health actions are for avoiding disease
- describes the likiness of avoiding disease base on: threat of disease, modifying factors, cues to action (
ex: ads for flu shot), and benefits vs. barriers
Milio's framework for prevention *** - change at the community level
- behavioral changes in a large number of people can lead to social change
- relationship between health deficits and availability of health-promoting resources
complements HBM
Pender's Health Promotion Model *** - Does not consider health risk as a factor that provokes change
- Examines factors that affect individual actions to promote and protect health like personal factors,
fealings/barriers associated with that action, attitudes of others and competing demands
Transtheoretical Model/Stages of Change *** change happens in 6 stages
- Precontemplation- unaware that they need change
- Contemplation- considers change
- Preparation- plans
- Action
- maintenance
,- Termination- conscious efforts not need because they're consistent- most done reach this point
The Precaution Adoption Process Model *** -similar to the TTM and SOC models
-includes a stage of being unengaged between the stages of being unaware and contemplating
-does not include termination stage
essentials of community nursing *** - Determinants of health
- Health indicators
- Nurses
- Community
determinants of health *** Client or environmental factors that influence the client's health
- Ex: nutrition, social support, education, finances, transportation, biology and genetics
Health indicators *** - mortality rates, disease prevalence, physical activity, tobacco use ect.. describe
the health status of a community and serve as targets for the improvement of a community's health.
nurses *** determine a community's health by examining if the community's collective health needs
Community *** group of people that share geographic, civic, and/or social parameters
Community health nursing involves *** a synthesis of nursing and public health theory.
community health nursing goals (community-oriented nursing) *** promote, preserve, and maintain the
health of populations by the delivery of health services
, Community health nurses *** - Nurses who practice in the community
- they can work in community health clinic, county health department, in a clients home, school,
workplace
Public Health Nursing *** population-focused and involves a combination of nursing knowledge with
social and public health sciences.
Public Health Nursing goals *** promoting health and preventing disease
Public health provides 10 essential services *** 1.conduct research for public health problems
Assessment: Using systematic methods to monitor the health of a population
2.monitor health problems
3.investigate and diagnose health problems
Policy development: Developing laws and practices
4. Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues.
5. Mobilize community partnerships to help solve
6. Develop policies and plans
Assurance: Making sure health care personnel and services are accessible
7. Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety.
8. Link people to needed personal health services
9. Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of services
10. Ensure a competent public health and personal health care workforce.
Community-Oriented Nursing *** Focus of Care: Aggregates, communities, populations (public health);
can include at-risk or unserved individuals/families
Primary Goal: Health promotion and disease prevention
Nursing Activities:Usually indirect; can include direct care of at-risk individuals and populations
