EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS| GRADED A+
|2025 LATEST VERSION | 100% VERIFIED
1. carbohydrates are water-soluble compounds generally stores in the
__________: cytosol
2. lipids store energy in specialized cells called ___________:
adipocytes
3. What is bioenergetics?: study of how nutrients provide energy for
organisms
4. What is cellular metabolism: all the reactions of a cell that permit life
to persist
5. what is anabolic reactions: reactions that produce molecules
6. what are catabolic reaction: reactions that break down molecules
7. How do waste and nutrient molecules cross the cellular
membrane: via integral proteins
8. What are metabolic pathways?: series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions
that convert starting material into products
, 9. What is the flux: the time it takes for a compound to go from the
beginning to end of a pathway
10. carbohydrates and lipids after being degraded are broken down
into intermediate: acetyl-CoA
11. What is Acetyl CoA?: a 2-carbon compound to which a molecule of
CoA
(containing ribose and adenine) is attached
12. the acetyl-CoA continues through the citric acid cycle to generate
molecules of ______________________: nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
(NADH).
13. The NADH is ultimately shuttled to the _____1___ transport chain
(ETC) to generate ATP by ____2________: 1. electron
2. oxidative phosphorylation
14. Where do the final steps of converting acetyl Co-A to ATP occur: interior
of the mitochondria
15. Molecules such as pyruvate, ADP, and ATP can move across the
membrane through integral proteins called __________: transporters
, 16. What are transporters: move only one molecule or type of molecule across
the membrane
17. Once in the ___1___ATP can be broken down enzymatically to ___2__,
releasing energy to perform work: 1. cytosol
2. ADP
18. The net change in free-energy, ”G, is ______________ for the
enzymatic breakdown of ATP: negative
19. (-) ”G value indicates that the process is__________: spontaneous
20. what does G'o indicate” : reaction was studied under a set of defined
conditions, but practically the value indicates a spontaneous process.
21. what is a molecule aside from NADH that is important to
biochemical pathways: FADH2
22 What is a benefit of the structural difference in FADH2: permits it to interact
with different proteins, an advantage to complex systems
23. How is ATP converted into ADP?: enzyme catalyzed hydrolysis
24. The degradation of carbohydrates begins with ____1______and
ends with the 3-carbon ___2_____molecule.: 1. six-carbon monosaccharides
(hexoses) 2. pyruvate