BIOL 201 EXAM 1 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ACCUARATE ANSWERS 2024/2025 |
VERIFIED
Patterns of Darwinian Evolution - change over time, change over geographic distance,
resemblance to fossils, homology, vestigial traits
Processes of Darwinian Evolution - Descent with modification (evolution happens to populations,
not individuals), natural selection (sorting process)
Under the theory of evolution as formulated by Darwin, why did the long-legged tree-dwelling anoles
change when they were moved to an island with a bushy habitat that favored individuals with shorter
legs?
A. They were eliminated from the bushes, and only found in tree-filled habitats where their long legs
were adaptive.
B. Individuals that were placed on bushes grew shorter legs in response. This change was passed on to
offspring.
C. Individuals that happened to have shorter legs produced more offspring than individuals with longer
legs. As a result, the characteristics of the population changed over time.
D. A supernatural power made the anoles have shorter legs, so they could survive better in the bushy
habitat. - C
Evolution will occur if what 3 conditions are met - variation, heritability, differential survival or
reproductive success
Common misconceptions about evolution - populations change because they need to, changes in
a population occur through gradual change in all members of a population, the environment directly
causes change and/or mutation, mutations are intentional adaptive responses, offspring only inherit
traits that are beneficial, acquired characteristics are inheritable
What is a phylogeny? - A model or hypothesis of the branching relationships of populations as
they give rise to multiple descendant populations
What do branches represent in phylogenies? - populations evolving through time
, What do nodes represent in phylogenies? - points in time when populations diverge
What is a clade? - a collection of branches and nodes that includes an ancestor and all of its
descendants
What is a paraphyletic group? - an ancestral species and some of its descendants (not all)
What information do branch lengths convey in phylogenies? - none
Homology - shared derived character
analogy - convergent evolution
The Principle of Parsimony (Ockham's Razor) - the most parsimonious model is the one that
requires the fewest number of evolutionary changes in the traits under consideration
How to choose between evolutionary hypothesis using parsimony - add an outgroup and compare
Problem with theory of blending inheritance - erodes genetic variation over time
What was solution to the blending theory and Darwin's theory? - mendelian inheritance- genes
act like discrete particles and do not become blended
Genetic variation - the component of phenotypic variation that is inherited
"and" probability rule - multiply probabilities
"or" probability rule - add probabilities (all combinations)
VERIFIED
Patterns of Darwinian Evolution - change over time, change over geographic distance,
resemblance to fossils, homology, vestigial traits
Processes of Darwinian Evolution - Descent with modification (evolution happens to populations,
not individuals), natural selection (sorting process)
Under the theory of evolution as formulated by Darwin, why did the long-legged tree-dwelling anoles
change when they were moved to an island with a bushy habitat that favored individuals with shorter
legs?
A. They were eliminated from the bushes, and only found in tree-filled habitats where their long legs
were adaptive.
B. Individuals that were placed on bushes grew shorter legs in response. This change was passed on to
offspring.
C. Individuals that happened to have shorter legs produced more offspring than individuals with longer
legs. As a result, the characteristics of the population changed over time.
D. A supernatural power made the anoles have shorter legs, so they could survive better in the bushy
habitat. - C
Evolution will occur if what 3 conditions are met - variation, heritability, differential survival or
reproductive success
Common misconceptions about evolution - populations change because they need to, changes in
a population occur through gradual change in all members of a population, the environment directly
causes change and/or mutation, mutations are intentional adaptive responses, offspring only inherit
traits that are beneficial, acquired characteristics are inheritable
What is a phylogeny? - A model or hypothesis of the branching relationships of populations as
they give rise to multiple descendant populations
What do branches represent in phylogenies? - populations evolving through time
, What do nodes represent in phylogenies? - points in time when populations diverge
What is a clade? - a collection of branches and nodes that includes an ancestor and all of its
descendants
What is a paraphyletic group? - an ancestral species and some of its descendants (not all)
What information do branch lengths convey in phylogenies? - none
Homology - shared derived character
analogy - convergent evolution
The Principle of Parsimony (Ockham's Razor) - the most parsimonious model is the one that
requires the fewest number of evolutionary changes in the traits under consideration
How to choose between evolutionary hypothesis using parsimony - add an outgroup and compare
Problem with theory of blending inheritance - erodes genetic variation over time
What was solution to the blending theory and Darwin's theory? - mendelian inheritance- genes
act like discrete particles and do not become blended
Genetic variation - the component of phenotypic variation that is inherited
"and" probability rule - multiply probabilities
"or" probability rule - add probabilities (all combinations)
