BIOD 210 Final Exam ACTUAL 2025 COMPREHENSIVE
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS (DETAILED &
ELABORATED) 100% SOLVED 2025!!
Karyotyping is typically done by isolating ________ from a person, staining them, and
taking pictures under a microscope - ANSWER✔✔-white blood cells
Describe Sickle Cell Anemia - ANSWER✔✔-People who inherit a mutant copy of the β-
globulin protein from both parents have sickle-cell anemia. The mutant β-globulin
causes the hemoglobin within red blood cells to distort when the oxygen in the blood is
low, and in fact, deforms the cell shape so much that the distorted cells break very
easily. In turn, the loss of the broken cells lowers the total number of red blood cells,
resulting in anemia
In addition, the odd shape of the red blood cells actually causes blockages in small
blood vessels, which causes pain and damage to the brain, heart, muscles, and kidneys.
The condition is especially exacerbated under atmospheric conditions where oxygen is
lower, so people with sickle-cell anemia can become extremely sick at high altitudes.
OLIVIA GREENWAYS© 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESRVED 1
, Why did Mendel use a pea plant for his studies? - ANSWER✔✔-- Easy to grow and
breed
- Self-fertilizing
- Easy to cross-breed
A __________ cross occurs when two pure individual parental strains are mated that
contrast ONLY in the trait that is being observed - ANSWER✔✔-monohybrid
In genetics, _______ refers to the original parental generation - ANSWER✔✔-P1
The first set of offspring from the parents are called the ___ generation, which stands for
______________. - ANSWER✔✔-F1 , first filial generation
The term _____________ is used to describe the physical manifestation of any trait -
ANSWER✔✔-phenotype
In the second generation of a heterozygous monohybrid cross, what percentage of the
offspring have the dominant phenotype? recessive? - ANSWER✔✔-75%, 25%
the ratio is 3:1
Define gene - ANSWER✔✔-a gene is defined as a unit of heredity that is transferred
from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring
_________ are simply variations of a given gene - ANSWER✔✔-Alleles
OLIVIA GREENWAYS© 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESRVED 2
QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS (DETAILED &
ELABORATED) 100% SOLVED 2025!!
Karyotyping is typically done by isolating ________ from a person, staining them, and
taking pictures under a microscope - ANSWER✔✔-white blood cells
Describe Sickle Cell Anemia - ANSWER✔✔-People who inherit a mutant copy of the β-
globulin protein from both parents have sickle-cell anemia. The mutant β-globulin
causes the hemoglobin within red blood cells to distort when the oxygen in the blood is
low, and in fact, deforms the cell shape so much that the distorted cells break very
easily. In turn, the loss of the broken cells lowers the total number of red blood cells,
resulting in anemia
In addition, the odd shape of the red blood cells actually causes blockages in small
blood vessels, which causes pain and damage to the brain, heart, muscles, and kidneys.
The condition is especially exacerbated under atmospheric conditions where oxygen is
lower, so people with sickle-cell anemia can become extremely sick at high altitudes.
OLIVIA GREENWAYS© 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESRVED 1
, Why did Mendel use a pea plant for his studies? - ANSWER✔✔-- Easy to grow and
breed
- Self-fertilizing
- Easy to cross-breed
A __________ cross occurs when two pure individual parental strains are mated that
contrast ONLY in the trait that is being observed - ANSWER✔✔-monohybrid
In genetics, _______ refers to the original parental generation - ANSWER✔✔-P1
The first set of offspring from the parents are called the ___ generation, which stands for
______________. - ANSWER✔✔-F1 , first filial generation
The term _____________ is used to describe the physical manifestation of any trait -
ANSWER✔✔-phenotype
In the second generation of a heterozygous monohybrid cross, what percentage of the
offspring have the dominant phenotype? recessive? - ANSWER✔✔-75%, 25%
the ratio is 3:1
Define gene - ANSWER✔✔-a gene is defined as a unit of heredity that is transferred
from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring
_________ are simply variations of a given gene - ANSWER✔✔-Alleles
OLIVIA GREENWAYS© 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESRVED 2
