HISTOLOGY NBME LATEST
STUDY GUIDE
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION
QUESTION 1
Heart defects - ANSWERS-Acute MI => ischemic necrosis of cardiac muscle
Rheumatic fever => mitral valve stenosis
Old people => aortic valve stenosis => fainting
QUESTION 2
Anemia - ANSWERS-Microcytic (low Fe), megaloblastic (low B12/THF),
hemolytic (sickle-cell, B-thalassemia)
QUESTION 3
Platelets - ANSWERS-Granulomere = central, dense-staining region w/ granules
Alpha-granules = vWF, factor V, PDGF, fibrinogen
Delta-granules = histamine, 5HT, ADP
Hyalomere = peripheral cytoskeletal network aiding in delivering central contents
to outside
END OF
PAGE
1
, HISTOLOGY NBME LATEST
STUDY GUIDE
QUESTION 4
Thrombi - ANSWERS-Injury - vWF mediates adhesion and ADP/thromboxaneA2
mediate platelet aggregation afterwards
Arterial - develop over areas of turbulence (atherosclerosis)
Venous - occurs in the calves due to stasis of blood
QUESTION 5
Leukocyte nuclei - ANSWERS-Bands (immature neutrophils) - 1 lobe
Neutrophil - 3 to 5 lobes
Eosinophil - 2 lobes
Lymphocyte - large round nucleus
Monocyte (macrophage in CT) - large kidney-shaped nucleus
QUESTION 6
Inflammation - ANSWERS-First, neutrophils recruited to damaged area and
penetrate endothelium to get into tissue (band count increase)
END OF
PAGE
2
, HISTOLOGY NBME LATEST
STUDY GUIDE
Prolonged response recruits lymphocytes and monocytes
Chronic => mainly macrophages (few neutrophils)
QUESTION 7
Bone marrow - ANSWERS-Parenchyma is hematopoeitic cells in cords b/t
sinusoids
Majority of cells are forming granulocytes (M/E ratio = 3:1)
Hematopoiesis: totipotent => pluripotent (myeloid vs lymphoid)
Myeloid => multipotent (granulo-mono) OR unipotent (RBC, megakaryocytes)
Greater RBC production w/ hypoxic cond (via erythropoetin)
QUESTION 8
Blood cell precursors - ANSWERS-Myeloblast is first granulocyte precursor that's
diff among the 3
Reticulocyte is first anuclear stage in RBC line, and they are actually present in
blood (more w/ blood loss)
Megakaryocytes have filopods that get platelets into circ
END OF
PAGE
3
, HISTOLOGY NBME LATEST
STUDY GUIDE
QUESTION 9
Autoimmune disorders - ANSWERS-Lupus: auto-Abs vs RBCs and platelets =>
anemia
Goodpasture's: auto-Abs vs capillary basement membrane in kidneys and lungs
QUESTION 10
T cells - ANSWERS-Endogenous Ags presented by CD8 T cells
Th1 release IL-2 to promote CD8 differentiation
Th2 release IL-4 to promote B cell clonal expansion
Graft vs Host disease => when host tissue destroyed by donor T cells recognizing
host as non-self
QUESTION 11
B cells - ANSWERS-Differentiate into plasma cells in lymph nodes via Ag stim
Plasma cells have no Ag-binding recepters like effector T cells
END OF
PAGE
4
STUDY GUIDE
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION
QUESTION 1
Heart defects - ANSWERS-Acute MI => ischemic necrosis of cardiac muscle
Rheumatic fever => mitral valve stenosis
Old people => aortic valve stenosis => fainting
QUESTION 2
Anemia - ANSWERS-Microcytic (low Fe), megaloblastic (low B12/THF),
hemolytic (sickle-cell, B-thalassemia)
QUESTION 3
Platelets - ANSWERS-Granulomere = central, dense-staining region w/ granules
Alpha-granules = vWF, factor V, PDGF, fibrinogen
Delta-granules = histamine, 5HT, ADP
Hyalomere = peripheral cytoskeletal network aiding in delivering central contents
to outside
END OF
PAGE
1
, HISTOLOGY NBME LATEST
STUDY GUIDE
QUESTION 4
Thrombi - ANSWERS-Injury - vWF mediates adhesion and ADP/thromboxaneA2
mediate platelet aggregation afterwards
Arterial - develop over areas of turbulence (atherosclerosis)
Venous - occurs in the calves due to stasis of blood
QUESTION 5
Leukocyte nuclei - ANSWERS-Bands (immature neutrophils) - 1 lobe
Neutrophil - 3 to 5 lobes
Eosinophil - 2 lobes
Lymphocyte - large round nucleus
Monocyte (macrophage in CT) - large kidney-shaped nucleus
QUESTION 6
Inflammation - ANSWERS-First, neutrophils recruited to damaged area and
penetrate endothelium to get into tissue (band count increase)
END OF
PAGE
2
, HISTOLOGY NBME LATEST
STUDY GUIDE
Prolonged response recruits lymphocytes and monocytes
Chronic => mainly macrophages (few neutrophils)
QUESTION 7
Bone marrow - ANSWERS-Parenchyma is hematopoeitic cells in cords b/t
sinusoids
Majority of cells are forming granulocytes (M/E ratio = 3:1)
Hematopoiesis: totipotent => pluripotent (myeloid vs lymphoid)
Myeloid => multipotent (granulo-mono) OR unipotent (RBC, megakaryocytes)
Greater RBC production w/ hypoxic cond (via erythropoetin)
QUESTION 8
Blood cell precursors - ANSWERS-Myeloblast is first granulocyte precursor that's
diff among the 3
Reticulocyte is first anuclear stage in RBC line, and they are actually present in
blood (more w/ blood loss)
Megakaryocytes have filopods that get platelets into circ
END OF
PAGE
3
, HISTOLOGY NBME LATEST
STUDY GUIDE
QUESTION 9
Autoimmune disorders - ANSWERS-Lupus: auto-Abs vs RBCs and platelets =>
anemia
Goodpasture's: auto-Abs vs capillary basement membrane in kidneys and lungs
QUESTION 10
T cells - ANSWERS-Endogenous Ags presented by CD8 T cells
Th1 release IL-2 to promote CD8 differentiation
Th2 release IL-4 to promote B cell clonal expansion
Graft vs Host disease => when host tissue destroyed by donor T cells recognizing
host as non-self
QUESTION 11
B cells - ANSWERS-Differentiate into plasma cells in lymph nodes via Ag stim
Plasma cells have no Ag-binding recepters like effector T cells
END OF
PAGE
4
