Adv. Biology Final
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h9our3
1. Traits A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its
genes.
2. Monohybrid Cross a one-trait cross (ex. color)
3. Punnet Square A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result
from a genetic cross
4. Mendel's experiments green pea plant (homozygous dominant (GG)) + yellow pea plant
w/ Purebred plants (homozygous recessive (gg)) and crossed them together (monohybrid
cross) got all green pea plants (Gg, Gg, Gg, Gg)-heterozygous. then f1
gen. was crossed he then got (GG, Gg, Gg, gg) yellow came back
5. Mendel's experiments foundation of genetics, shows we have dom. and rec. traits, and we can
w/ Purebred plants im- control offspring
portance
6. genotypic ratio homozygous dominant: heterozygous: homozygous recessive pea plant
f2(1:2:1)
7. phenotypic ratio dominant, recessive pea plant(3:1)
8. gene A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
9. allele the letter representing the trait
10. homozygous two of the same allele
11. heterozygous two different alleles
12. genome the total dna present in the nucleus of each cell
13. genotype the words that describe the allels
14. phenotype the physical trait that is express
, Adv. Biology Final
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h9our3
15. dominant An allele that is always expressed
16. recessive An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present
17. testcross looking to identify which alleles are dom and rec so cross hom dom with
hom rec to see
18. sex linked traits Traits controlled by genes located on sex chromosomes typically reces-
sive. y determines gender. ex not color blind = B, color blind = b female
carrier (xB, xb) male (xB, y) all females will be not color blind and 50%
of males will be color blind bc where x's go
19. sex linked traits ratios does have it, carrier, doesn't have it
20. male alleles XY
21. female alleles XX
22. incomplete dominance same punnet square ex: flowers red + white two dominants come togeth-
er and make pink. blend of two dominant traits
23. codominance still needs to be dominant alleles ex: cows black + white come together to
make spotted cows. both dominant traits are shown in their own distinct
ways
24. Structure of DNA double stranded, sugar = deoxyribose sugar, bases = adenine-thymine,
cytosine-guanine, have nucleotide phosphate+sugar+nitrogenous base,
bases have hydrogen bonds at2 cg3
, Adv. Biology Final
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h9our3
25. Structure of RNA single stranded, sugar = ribose sugar, bases = adenine-uracil, cy-
tosine-guanine, have nucleotide phosphate+sugar+nitrogenous base,
bases have hydrogen bonds au2 cg3, NO THYMINE,
26. mRNA messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the
nucleus to the ribosome
27. tRNA transfer RNA; type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome
28. central dogma DNA -> mRNA -> Protein (process of protein synthesis)
29. rRNA ribosomal RNA; type of RNA that makes up part of the ribosome
30. Base pair matching for a-t c-g
DNA
31. Base pair matching for a-u c-g
RNA
32. DNA replication semi-conservation (1 new 1 old strand) process of replicating DNA
Because one strand is synthesized continuously, and the other is syn-
thesized discontinuously- DNA replication is semicontinuous as well as
semiconservative.
33. DNA Replication steps 1.) unwinding - DNA helicase, an enzyme, unwinds the helix, breaking
the hydrogen bonds between base pairs.
Double helix unzips leaving single strands of DNA.
Single-stranded binding proteins keep the DNA strands separate during
replication.
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h9our3
1. Traits A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its
genes.
2. Monohybrid Cross a one-trait cross (ex. color)
3. Punnet Square A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result
from a genetic cross
4. Mendel's experiments green pea plant (homozygous dominant (GG)) + yellow pea plant
w/ Purebred plants (homozygous recessive (gg)) and crossed them together (monohybrid
cross) got all green pea plants (Gg, Gg, Gg, Gg)-heterozygous. then f1
gen. was crossed he then got (GG, Gg, Gg, gg) yellow came back
5. Mendel's experiments foundation of genetics, shows we have dom. and rec. traits, and we can
w/ Purebred plants im- control offspring
portance
6. genotypic ratio homozygous dominant: heterozygous: homozygous recessive pea plant
f2(1:2:1)
7. phenotypic ratio dominant, recessive pea plant(3:1)
8. gene A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
9. allele the letter representing the trait
10. homozygous two of the same allele
11. heterozygous two different alleles
12. genome the total dna present in the nucleus of each cell
13. genotype the words that describe the allels
14. phenotype the physical trait that is express
, Adv. Biology Final
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h9our3
15. dominant An allele that is always expressed
16. recessive An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present
17. testcross looking to identify which alleles are dom and rec so cross hom dom with
hom rec to see
18. sex linked traits Traits controlled by genes located on sex chromosomes typically reces-
sive. y determines gender. ex not color blind = B, color blind = b female
carrier (xB, xb) male (xB, y) all females will be not color blind and 50%
of males will be color blind bc where x's go
19. sex linked traits ratios does have it, carrier, doesn't have it
20. male alleles XY
21. female alleles XX
22. incomplete dominance same punnet square ex: flowers red + white two dominants come togeth-
er and make pink. blend of two dominant traits
23. codominance still needs to be dominant alleles ex: cows black + white come together to
make spotted cows. both dominant traits are shown in their own distinct
ways
24. Structure of DNA double stranded, sugar = deoxyribose sugar, bases = adenine-thymine,
cytosine-guanine, have nucleotide phosphate+sugar+nitrogenous base,
bases have hydrogen bonds at2 cg3
, Adv. Biology Final
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_h9our3
25. Structure of RNA single stranded, sugar = ribose sugar, bases = adenine-uracil, cy-
tosine-guanine, have nucleotide phosphate+sugar+nitrogenous base,
bases have hydrogen bonds au2 cg3, NO THYMINE,
26. mRNA messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the
nucleus to the ribosome
27. tRNA transfer RNA; type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome
28. central dogma DNA -> mRNA -> Protein (process of protein synthesis)
29. rRNA ribosomal RNA; type of RNA that makes up part of the ribosome
30. Base pair matching for a-t c-g
DNA
31. Base pair matching for a-u c-g
RNA
32. DNA replication semi-conservation (1 new 1 old strand) process of replicating DNA
Because one strand is synthesized continuously, and the other is syn-
thesized discontinuously- DNA replication is semicontinuous as well as
semiconservative.
33. DNA Replication steps 1.) unwinding - DNA helicase, an enzyme, unwinds the helix, breaking
the hydrogen bonds between base pairs.
Double helix unzips leaving single strands of DNA.
Single-stranded binding proteins keep the DNA strands separate during
replication.
