NR 509 Bates / midterm Exam
With Correct Answers 2025
Preauricular nodes<correct answers>in front of the ear
Posterior auricular node<correct answers>superficial to the mastoid process (behind the
ear)
Occipital node<correct answers>at the base of the skull posteriorly
Tonsillar node<correct answers>at the angle of the mandible
Submandibular node<correct answers>midway between the angle and the tip of the
mandible. These nodes are usually smaller and smoother than the lobulated subman-
dibular gland against which they lie
Submental nodes<correct answers>in the midline a few centi-meters behind the tip of
the mandible
Superficial cervical nodes<correct answers>superficial to the sternocleidomastoid.
Posterior cervical nodes<correct answers>along the anterior edge of the trapezius.
Deep cervical chain lymph nodes<correct answers>deep to the ster-nocleidomastoid
and often inaccessible to examination. Hook your thumb and fingers around either side
of the sterno-cleidomastoid muscle to find them.
Supraclavicular nodes<correct answers>deep in the angle formed by the clavicle and
the sterno-cleidomastoid.
shotty<correct answers>Small, mobile, discrete, nontender nodes, are frequently found
in normal people
physical assessment techniques<correct answers>Inspection - visual examination;
Palpation - tactile examination; Percussion - tactile and auditory examination;
Auscultation - auditory examination
head and neck<correct answers>Begin the physical assessment by inspecting
general appearance of head/neck<correct answers>facial expression, contours,
asymmetry
comprehensive assessment<correct answers>Seeing patient for first time; Includes all
the elements of the health history and the complete physical examination; fundamental
,and personalized knowledge about the patient that strengthens the clinician-patient
relationship; provides a complete basis for assessing these concerns and answering
patient questions
focused assessment<correct answers>chief complaint such as cough, abdominal pain,
sore throat, etc. or a follow-up for a chronic illness; Your history and physical will be
much more focused on the chief complaint as you begin diagnosis and management
basic<correct answers>maximize patient's comfort, avoid unnecessary changes in
position, enhance clinical efficiency, move head to toe, examine the patient from their
right side
active listening<correct answers>closely attending to what the patient is communicating,
connecting to the patient's emotional state, and using verbal and nonverbal skills to
encourage the patient to expand on his or her feelings and concerns
Empathic responses<correct answers>the capacity to identify with the patient and feel
the patient's pain as your own, then respond in a supportive manner
Guided questioning<correct answers>show your sustained interest in the patient's
feelings and deepest disclosures and allows the interviewer to facilitate full
communication, in the patient's own words, without interruption.
Nonverbal communication<correct answers>eye contact, facial expression, posture,
head position and movement such as shaking or nodding, interpersonal distance, and
placement of the arms or legs—crossed, neutral, or open
validation<correct answers>helps to affirm the legitimacy of the patient's emotional
experience.
Partnering<correct answers>When building rapport with patients, express your
commitment to an ongoing relationship
Summarization<correct answers>Giving a capsule summary of the patient's story during
the course of the interview to communicate that you have been listening carefully.
Transitions<correct answers>Inform your patient when you are changing directions
during the interview
empowering the patient<correct answers>encourage patients to ask questions, express
their concerns, and probe your recommendations in order to encourage them to adopt
your advice, make lifestyle changes, or take medications as prescribed.
subjective<correct answers>apparent only to the person affected' perceptions, feelings,
thoughts, expectations. Cannot be observed and can be discovered only by asking
questions
,objective<correct answers>detectable by an observer or can be tested against an
acceptable standard; tangible, observable facts; includes observation of the clients
behavior, medical records, lab and diagnostic tests, data collected by physical exam
chief complaint<correct answers>Make every attempt to quote the patient's own words
7 attributes of a symptom<correct answers>Location, quality, quantity or severity, timing
- including onset duration and frequency, setting in which it occurs,
alleviating/aggravating factors, associated manifestations
Past medical history<correct answers>Medications (prescription, OTC and herbs),
allergies to drugs foods seasonal environment (document reaction to each), childhood;
illness/hospitalizations, adult illnesses (diabetes, HTN, HIV, hispitalizations, gender of
sexual partners, sexual practices), surgical history (dates, indications, types), OBGYN
(menstrual hx, methods of contraception, sexual function) , psychiatric (illness and time
frame, diagnosis, hospitalizations, treatments), health maintenance (immunizations,
wellness exams, pap smears, colonoscopy, etc), family history, personal and social
history (intersts, stress, spiritual beliefs, lifestyle habits)
review of symptoms<correct answers>(1) to obtain additional information about the
patient's chief complaint and history of present illness; and (2) to elicit symptoms of
potential problems in uninvolved systems; ask yes or no questions and then follow up
when there is a response that indicates an abnormality with open-ended questions;
head-to-toe approach - remember that the ROS is subjective data ONLY
Problem list<correct answers>defined as a list of current and active diagnoses as well
as past diagnoses relevant to the current care of the patient; includes all the medical,
social, and psychologic problems the patient has or may have; List the most active and
serious problems first and record their date of onset. Helps to individualize the patient's
care. On follow-up visits, provides a quick summary of the patient's clinical history and a
reminder to review the status of problems the patient may not mention
differential diagnosis<correct answers>all the medical diseases that may possibly
explain the patient's chief complaint or principal problem; A chief complaint must be
identified first. Includes all medical diseases that may possibly explain problem/ CC
head<correct answers>Areas are associated with the bone that they are in front of
salivary glands<correct answers>glands near mandible
parotid<correct answers>glands that lie superficial and behind mandible - visible and
palpable when enlarged
submandibular gland<correct answers>glands beneath the tongue
, parotid and submandibular<correct answers>openings of these are visible in oral cavity
superficial temporal artery<correct answers>artery that is in front of the ear and runs
upward - readily palpable
common issues with the head<correct answers>Headache; Change in vision -
Hyperopia, Presbyopia, Myopia, Scotomas, Diplopia; Hearing loss, earache, tinnitus;
Vertigo
Hyperopia<correct answers>farsightedness; This makes close-up objects appear blurry
presbyopia<correct answers>gradual loss of your eyes' ability to focus on nearby
objects
myopia<correct answers>nearsightedness
Scotoma<correct answers>A spot in your vision that can be dark, very light, blurred, or
flickering · Trouble seeing certain colors
Diplopia<correct answers>double vision
Examination of the head<correct answers>Note skin on face - color, pigmentation,
texture, thickness, hair distribution, lesions; Note skull for contours; Ask if patient has
noticed anything wrong with the scalp or hair; Remove hair pieces for exam; Note hair
for quality, distribution, texture and any hair loss; Part in separate places to look for
scaliness, lumps, redness, scaling, nevi, lesions; Depressions, lumps, tenderness of
skull
observation of the face<correct answers>Facial expressions, contours, asymmetry,
involuntary movements, edema, masses
skin<correct answers>note for color, pigmentation, texture, thickness, hair distribution,
lesions
sclera<correct answers>white coloring of eye
upper lid<correct answers>covers portion of iris
Conjunctiva<correct answers>clear mucous membrane of the eye
Bulbar conjunctiva<correct answers>covers most of anterior eyeball; meets cornea at
Limbus
Palpebral conjunctiva<correct answers>lines upper and lower eye lids
With Correct Answers 2025
Preauricular nodes<correct answers>in front of the ear
Posterior auricular node<correct answers>superficial to the mastoid process (behind the
ear)
Occipital node<correct answers>at the base of the skull posteriorly
Tonsillar node<correct answers>at the angle of the mandible
Submandibular node<correct answers>midway between the angle and the tip of the
mandible. These nodes are usually smaller and smoother than the lobulated subman-
dibular gland against which they lie
Submental nodes<correct answers>in the midline a few centi-meters behind the tip of
the mandible
Superficial cervical nodes<correct answers>superficial to the sternocleidomastoid.
Posterior cervical nodes<correct answers>along the anterior edge of the trapezius.
Deep cervical chain lymph nodes<correct answers>deep to the ster-nocleidomastoid
and often inaccessible to examination. Hook your thumb and fingers around either side
of the sterno-cleidomastoid muscle to find them.
Supraclavicular nodes<correct answers>deep in the angle formed by the clavicle and
the sterno-cleidomastoid.
shotty<correct answers>Small, mobile, discrete, nontender nodes, are frequently found
in normal people
physical assessment techniques<correct answers>Inspection - visual examination;
Palpation - tactile examination; Percussion - tactile and auditory examination;
Auscultation - auditory examination
head and neck<correct answers>Begin the physical assessment by inspecting
general appearance of head/neck<correct answers>facial expression, contours,
asymmetry
comprehensive assessment<correct answers>Seeing patient for first time; Includes all
the elements of the health history and the complete physical examination; fundamental
,and personalized knowledge about the patient that strengthens the clinician-patient
relationship; provides a complete basis for assessing these concerns and answering
patient questions
focused assessment<correct answers>chief complaint such as cough, abdominal pain,
sore throat, etc. or a follow-up for a chronic illness; Your history and physical will be
much more focused on the chief complaint as you begin diagnosis and management
basic<correct answers>maximize patient's comfort, avoid unnecessary changes in
position, enhance clinical efficiency, move head to toe, examine the patient from their
right side
active listening<correct answers>closely attending to what the patient is communicating,
connecting to the patient's emotional state, and using verbal and nonverbal skills to
encourage the patient to expand on his or her feelings and concerns
Empathic responses<correct answers>the capacity to identify with the patient and feel
the patient's pain as your own, then respond in a supportive manner
Guided questioning<correct answers>show your sustained interest in the patient's
feelings and deepest disclosures and allows the interviewer to facilitate full
communication, in the patient's own words, without interruption.
Nonverbal communication<correct answers>eye contact, facial expression, posture,
head position and movement such as shaking or nodding, interpersonal distance, and
placement of the arms or legs—crossed, neutral, or open
validation<correct answers>helps to affirm the legitimacy of the patient's emotional
experience.
Partnering<correct answers>When building rapport with patients, express your
commitment to an ongoing relationship
Summarization<correct answers>Giving a capsule summary of the patient's story during
the course of the interview to communicate that you have been listening carefully.
Transitions<correct answers>Inform your patient when you are changing directions
during the interview
empowering the patient<correct answers>encourage patients to ask questions, express
their concerns, and probe your recommendations in order to encourage them to adopt
your advice, make lifestyle changes, or take medications as prescribed.
subjective<correct answers>apparent only to the person affected' perceptions, feelings,
thoughts, expectations. Cannot be observed and can be discovered only by asking
questions
,objective<correct answers>detectable by an observer or can be tested against an
acceptable standard; tangible, observable facts; includes observation of the clients
behavior, medical records, lab and diagnostic tests, data collected by physical exam
chief complaint<correct answers>Make every attempt to quote the patient's own words
7 attributes of a symptom<correct answers>Location, quality, quantity or severity, timing
- including onset duration and frequency, setting in which it occurs,
alleviating/aggravating factors, associated manifestations
Past medical history<correct answers>Medications (prescription, OTC and herbs),
allergies to drugs foods seasonal environment (document reaction to each), childhood;
illness/hospitalizations, adult illnesses (diabetes, HTN, HIV, hispitalizations, gender of
sexual partners, sexual practices), surgical history (dates, indications, types), OBGYN
(menstrual hx, methods of contraception, sexual function) , psychiatric (illness and time
frame, diagnosis, hospitalizations, treatments), health maintenance (immunizations,
wellness exams, pap smears, colonoscopy, etc), family history, personal and social
history (intersts, stress, spiritual beliefs, lifestyle habits)
review of symptoms<correct answers>(1) to obtain additional information about the
patient's chief complaint and history of present illness; and (2) to elicit symptoms of
potential problems in uninvolved systems; ask yes or no questions and then follow up
when there is a response that indicates an abnormality with open-ended questions;
head-to-toe approach - remember that the ROS is subjective data ONLY
Problem list<correct answers>defined as a list of current and active diagnoses as well
as past diagnoses relevant to the current care of the patient; includes all the medical,
social, and psychologic problems the patient has or may have; List the most active and
serious problems first and record their date of onset. Helps to individualize the patient's
care. On follow-up visits, provides a quick summary of the patient's clinical history and a
reminder to review the status of problems the patient may not mention
differential diagnosis<correct answers>all the medical diseases that may possibly
explain the patient's chief complaint or principal problem; A chief complaint must be
identified first. Includes all medical diseases that may possibly explain problem/ CC
head<correct answers>Areas are associated with the bone that they are in front of
salivary glands<correct answers>glands near mandible
parotid<correct answers>glands that lie superficial and behind mandible - visible and
palpable when enlarged
submandibular gland<correct answers>glands beneath the tongue
, parotid and submandibular<correct answers>openings of these are visible in oral cavity
superficial temporal artery<correct answers>artery that is in front of the ear and runs
upward - readily palpable
common issues with the head<correct answers>Headache; Change in vision -
Hyperopia, Presbyopia, Myopia, Scotomas, Diplopia; Hearing loss, earache, tinnitus;
Vertigo
Hyperopia<correct answers>farsightedness; This makes close-up objects appear blurry
presbyopia<correct answers>gradual loss of your eyes' ability to focus on nearby
objects
myopia<correct answers>nearsightedness
Scotoma<correct answers>A spot in your vision that can be dark, very light, blurred, or
flickering · Trouble seeing certain colors
Diplopia<correct answers>double vision
Examination of the head<correct answers>Note skin on face - color, pigmentation,
texture, thickness, hair distribution, lesions; Note skull for contours; Ask if patient has
noticed anything wrong with the scalp or hair; Remove hair pieces for exam; Note hair
for quality, distribution, texture and any hair loss; Part in separate places to look for
scaliness, lumps, redness, scaling, nevi, lesions; Depressions, lumps, tenderness of
skull
observation of the face<correct answers>Facial expressions, contours, asymmetry,
involuntary movements, edema, masses
skin<correct answers>note for color, pigmentation, texture, thickness, hair distribution,
lesions
sclera<correct answers>white coloring of eye
upper lid<correct answers>covers portion of iris
Conjunctiva<correct answers>clear mucous membrane of the eye
Bulbar conjunctiva<correct answers>covers most of anterior eyeball; meets cornea at
Limbus
Palpebral conjunctiva<correct answers>lines upper and lower eye lids
