AQA A LEVEL PHYSICS PAPER 2 ACTUAL EXAM WITH 100% RATED CORRECT
190+ REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS| GRADED A+ |2025 LATEST
VERSION | 100% VERIFIED
1. Can you define internal energy?: = the sum of the random distribution of
the kinetic and potential energies of the object's molecules 2. When does
molecular kinetic energy increase?
When does potential energy increase?
When does internal energy increase?: molecular kinetic energy increases
as temperature increases potential increases if object changes from solid to
liquid or liquid to gas
internal increases if work is done (potential) or if the temperature is increased
(molecular KE)
3. What is thermal equilibrium?: two objects are said to be in thermal
equilibrium when there is no net transfer of heat energy between them
this will only occur if both objects are at the same temperature
4. What is the zero law of thermodynamics?: if A is in thermal equilibrium with
B, B is in thermal equilibrium with C... then A is in thermal equilibrium with C
,5. What is the first law of thermodynamics?: the internal energy of a system
can only change by exchanging energy with its surroundings, either by doing
work or by heating
”U = ”Q + ”W, where ”U internal is change in internal energy, Q is heat absorbed
and W is work done.
6. What is the second law of thermodynamics?: thermal energy moves from
regions of higher to lower temperature
7. What is the lowest temperature possible?: absolute zero. 0K or -273.15
an object at absolute zero has zero internal energy
8. What is the third law of thermodynamics?: absolute zero cannot be
reached, and so internal energy cannot be zero
9. Can you define and measure specific heat capacity?: energy required to
raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree
high SHC: heats and cools slowy
low SHC: heats and cools quickly
,AQA A LEVEL PHYSICS PAPER 2 ACTUAL EXAM WITH 100% RATED CORRECT
190+ REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS| GRADED A+ |2025 LATEST
VERSION | 100% VERIFIED
10. Can you define latent heat?: energy required to change the state of 1kg of a
mass without any change of temperature
SLH of fusion (melting)
SLH of vaporisation (boiling)
SLH fusion << SLH vaporisation, must completely separate molecules so there
are no forces of attraction
11. Can you measure latent heat?:
12. Can you explain why the temperature of a substance stays steady when
it is changing state?: energy is used to break bonds between molecules for
phase change to occur, not increase KE 13. Boyle's law: P1V1=P2V2
pressure and volume are inversely related when temperature is constant
V decreases, more particles / unit volume => more collisions => higher force =>
higher pressure
, 14. Charles' law: V1/T1=V2/T2 volume proportional to
temperature, pressure constant
temperature increases => KE increases => particles can move
further and faster
15. Pressure law: P1/T1 = P2/T2 pressure proportional to temperature, volume
constant temp increases => KE increases => more frequent collisions =>
higher force, same
SA => higher pressure
16. Gas laws: experimental relationship between P, V, T fixed mass of gas
empirical in nature (come from experimental evidence)
17. Ideal gas equation (moles): gas laws combine to pV/T = k k dependent on
moles of gas => pV/T = nR
where n is number of moles, R is molar gas constant
18. Avogadro's number: number of representative particles in a mole
6.02 x 10^23
190+ REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS| GRADED A+ |2025 LATEST
VERSION | 100% VERIFIED
1. Can you define internal energy?: = the sum of the random distribution of
the kinetic and potential energies of the object's molecules 2. When does
molecular kinetic energy increase?
When does potential energy increase?
When does internal energy increase?: molecular kinetic energy increases
as temperature increases potential increases if object changes from solid to
liquid or liquid to gas
internal increases if work is done (potential) or if the temperature is increased
(molecular KE)
3. What is thermal equilibrium?: two objects are said to be in thermal
equilibrium when there is no net transfer of heat energy between them
this will only occur if both objects are at the same temperature
4. What is the zero law of thermodynamics?: if A is in thermal equilibrium with
B, B is in thermal equilibrium with C... then A is in thermal equilibrium with C
,5. What is the first law of thermodynamics?: the internal energy of a system
can only change by exchanging energy with its surroundings, either by doing
work or by heating
”U = ”Q + ”W, where ”U internal is change in internal energy, Q is heat absorbed
and W is work done.
6. What is the second law of thermodynamics?: thermal energy moves from
regions of higher to lower temperature
7. What is the lowest temperature possible?: absolute zero. 0K or -273.15
an object at absolute zero has zero internal energy
8. What is the third law of thermodynamics?: absolute zero cannot be
reached, and so internal energy cannot be zero
9. Can you define and measure specific heat capacity?: energy required to
raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree
high SHC: heats and cools slowy
low SHC: heats and cools quickly
,AQA A LEVEL PHYSICS PAPER 2 ACTUAL EXAM WITH 100% RATED CORRECT
190+ REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS| GRADED A+ |2025 LATEST
VERSION | 100% VERIFIED
10. Can you define latent heat?: energy required to change the state of 1kg of a
mass without any change of temperature
SLH of fusion (melting)
SLH of vaporisation (boiling)
SLH fusion << SLH vaporisation, must completely separate molecules so there
are no forces of attraction
11. Can you measure latent heat?:
12. Can you explain why the temperature of a substance stays steady when
it is changing state?: energy is used to break bonds between molecules for
phase change to occur, not increase KE 13. Boyle's law: P1V1=P2V2
pressure and volume are inversely related when temperature is constant
V decreases, more particles / unit volume => more collisions => higher force =>
higher pressure
, 14. Charles' law: V1/T1=V2/T2 volume proportional to
temperature, pressure constant
temperature increases => KE increases => particles can move
further and faster
15. Pressure law: P1/T1 = P2/T2 pressure proportional to temperature, volume
constant temp increases => KE increases => more frequent collisions =>
higher force, same
SA => higher pressure
16. Gas laws: experimental relationship between P, V, T fixed mass of gas
empirical in nature (come from experimental evidence)
17. Ideal gas equation (moles): gas laws combine to pV/T = k k dependent on
moles of gas => pV/T = nR
where n is number of moles, R is molar gas constant
18. Avogadro's number: number of representative particles in a mole
6.02 x 10^23
