Psyc 1000 - Rollins - Tulane – Final
Exam Questions and answers
Apsychotherapy - -therapist uses psychological techniques
- Biomedical therapies - -medication or medical procedure
- Eclectic approach - -using a blend of therapies
- psychoanalysis - -Make person aware of repressed, unconscious conflicts
and impulses, today focuses on social relationships
- humanistic psychotherapy - -Make person aware of repressed,
unconscious conflicts and impulses, today focuses on social relationships
- Roger's Client-Centered Therapy - -provides support and can make a
person aware of repressed unconscious conflicts and impulses, today focuses
on social relationships
- Behavior Therapy - -see problems as learned behaviors
- flooding - -exposure with response prevention, learn that situation is
harmless
- systematic desensitization - -replace fear with relaxation, exposure to
increasingly anxiety- provoking versions of feared stimulus while relaxing,
fear/desensitization hierarchy, relaxation techniques
- cognitive therapies - -Identify cognitive distortions and correct irrational
thinking
- self-statement modification - -cognitive therapy where your replace
negative thoughts with positive ones
- electroconvulsive shock therapy - -Electric current applied to scalp to
cause convulsions, used on severe depression, is only effective in select
circumstances.
- psychosurgery - -removal/destruction of brain tissue
- prefrontal lobotomy - -cut connections between frontal lobes and limbic
areas
, - Freeman's transorbital lobotomy - -shocked the patients into
unconsciousness and ice picked the eye
- neuroleptics/ antipsychotics - -dopamine agonists that help treat
schizophrenia
- tardive dyskinesia - -side effect where patients have a syndrome of
uncontrollable, repetitive movements
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors - -earliest class of anti depressants, serious
side effects
- tricyclic antidepressants - -middle class of anti depressants deadly
interaction with alcohol
- SSRIs - -modern class of anti depressants today, increase serotonin
- mood stabilizers - -lithium, for bipolar disorder, antidepressants
- anxiolytics - -tranquilizers or anti-anxiety drug
- benzodiazepine - -GABA agonists
- intelligence - -multiple definitions, possession of knowledge and ability to
use adaptively in different environments
*Problem solving skills, adaption, and learning
- collectivist culture - -needs of group > needs of individual
- individualist culture - -needs of individual > needs of group
- general intelligence - -intelligence is one general ability
- multiple intelligences - -many dimensions of intelligence that are relatively
unrelated to one another
- Alfred Binet - -French psychologist who invented the first practical
intelligence test
- Mental age - -On the Binet-Simon scale, level of performance associated
with a particular chronological age
This scale tested reasoning, thinking, and problem solving skills
,- Louis Terman - -A Stanford professor who brought the Binet-Simon test to
America. Developed it into an adult intelligence test.
- Original Stanford- Binet - -mental age/ chronological age *100, extremely
culturally biased
- Wechsler scales - -IQ tests commonly used today, 3 different tests for
different age groups
- Average IQ - -100
- Learning disability - -a condition giving rise to difficulties in acquiring
knowledge and skills to the level expected of those of the same age,
especially when not associated with a physical handicap.
- Mental retardation - -condition diagnosed before age 18, usually in infancy
or prior to birth, that includes below-average general intellectual function,
and a lack of the skills necessary for daily living.
- Reliability - -Tests the stability of scores over time whereas validity refers
to whether a test is a true or authentic measure
- Content validity - -tests whether a test measures all aspects of a construct
(makes a reasonable conclusion)
- Predictive validity - -refers to whether the test predicts what it claims to
predict
- stereotype threat - -anxiety about confirming a stereotype that leads to
poorer performance
- Correlations in siblings - -Identical twins that were separated at birth have
large gaps in IQ, which shows that environment has a factor. Fraternal twins
have a lower correlation and regular siblings have an even lower correlation.
- Similar Environments (Groups) - -When there is a difference it most likely
means there is a genetic difference
- Different Environments (Groups) - -When there is a difference it most
likely means there is an environment factor
- Race in IQ - -The fact that black people score lower on IQ tests is more
about correlation than causation. Statistically, a large percentage of black
people are poor and therefore don't have the same advantages educationally
as other ethnic groups
, - motivation - -need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
- Instinct Theory - -all motivations are instinctual
- Drive Reduction Theory - -psychological imbalance causes a psychological
arousal that prompts
- Arousal Theory - -maintain a personal optimal level of arousal
- Incentive Behavior Theory - -gain positive incentives and avoid negative
ones
- instincts - -automatic, involuntary, unlearned responses
- homeostasis - -constant, ideal internal state
- arousal - -general activation level
- Maslow's Hierarchy - -needs or wants that motivate us, needs lower on the
hierarchy tend to take precedence over higher needs
- Order of Maslow's Hierarchy - -1.) biological needs
2.) safety needs
3.) belongingness and love
4.) esteem needs
5.) self-actualization
6.) transcendence
- set- point - -homeostatic body weight for a certain person
- basal metabolic rate - -amount of energy body burns at rest
- obesity - -20% over the size of recommended body weight. Genetic
predisposition, metabolic differences, and social influences
- anorexia nervosa - -self starvation: significantly underweight, fear of
weight gain, distorted body image, teens, perfectionism, low self-esteem,
depression, anxiety
- bulimia nervosa - -onset is later, binge and purge, normal or overweight
- sexual response cycle - -excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution.
Researched by Masters and Johnson.
- Inis Beag - -Irish Catholic community. Sex = necessary evil
Exam Questions and answers
Apsychotherapy - -therapist uses psychological techniques
- Biomedical therapies - -medication or medical procedure
- Eclectic approach - -using a blend of therapies
- psychoanalysis - -Make person aware of repressed, unconscious conflicts
and impulses, today focuses on social relationships
- humanistic psychotherapy - -Make person aware of repressed,
unconscious conflicts and impulses, today focuses on social relationships
- Roger's Client-Centered Therapy - -provides support and can make a
person aware of repressed unconscious conflicts and impulses, today focuses
on social relationships
- Behavior Therapy - -see problems as learned behaviors
- flooding - -exposure with response prevention, learn that situation is
harmless
- systematic desensitization - -replace fear with relaxation, exposure to
increasingly anxiety- provoking versions of feared stimulus while relaxing,
fear/desensitization hierarchy, relaxation techniques
- cognitive therapies - -Identify cognitive distortions and correct irrational
thinking
- self-statement modification - -cognitive therapy where your replace
negative thoughts with positive ones
- electroconvulsive shock therapy - -Electric current applied to scalp to
cause convulsions, used on severe depression, is only effective in select
circumstances.
- psychosurgery - -removal/destruction of brain tissue
- prefrontal lobotomy - -cut connections between frontal lobes and limbic
areas
, - Freeman's transorbital lobotomy - -shocked the patients into
unconsciousness and ice picked the eye
- neuroleptics/ antipsychotics - -dopamine agonists that help treat
schizophrenia
- tardive dyskinesia - -side effect where patients have a syndrome of
uncontrollable, repetitive movements
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors - -earliest class of anti depressants, serious
side effects
- tricyclic antidepressants - -middle class of anti depressants deadly
interaction with alcohol
- SSRIs - -modern class of anti depressants today, increase serotonin
- mood stabilizers - -lithium, for bipolar disorder, antidepressants
- anxiolytics - -tranquilizers or anti-anxiety drug
- benzodiazepine - -GABA agonists
- intelligence - -multiple definitions, possession of knowledge and ability to
use adaptively in different environments
*Problem solving skills, adaption, and learning
- collectivist culture - -needs of group > needs of individual
- individualist culture - -needs of individual > needs of group
- general intelligence - -intelligence is one general ability
- multiple intelligences - -many dimensions of intelligence that are relatively
unrelated to one another
- Alfred Binet - -French psychologist who invented the first practical
intelligence test
- Mental age - -On the Binet-Simon scale, level of performance associated
with a particular chronological age
This scale tested reasoning, thinking, and problem solving skills
,- Louis Terman - -A Stanford professor who brought the Binet-Simon test to
America. Developed it into an adult intelligence test.
- Original Stanford- Binet - -mental age/ chronological age *100, extremely
culturally biased
- Wechsler scales - -IQ tests commonly used today, 3 different tests for
different age groups
- Average IQ - -100
- Learning disability - -a condition giving rise to difficulties in acquiring
knowledge and skills to the level expected of those of the same age,
especially when not associated with a physical handicap.
- Mental retardation - -condition diagnosed before age 18, usually in infancy
or prior to birth, that includes below-average general intellectual function,
and a lack of the skills necessary for daily living.
- Reliability - -Tests the stability of scores over time whereas validity refers
to whether a test is a true or authentic measure
- Content validity - -tests whether a test measures all aspects of a construct
(makes a reasonable conclusion)
- Predictive validity - -refers to whether the test predicts what it claims to
predict
- stereotype threat - -anxiety about confirming a stereotype that leads to
poorer performance
- Correlations in siblings - -Identical twins that were separated at birth have
large gaps in IQ, which shows that environment has a factor. Fraternal twins
have a lower correlation and regular siblings have an even lower correlation.
- Similar Environments (Groups) - -When there is a difference it most likely
means there is a genetic difference
- Different Environments (Groups) - -When there is a difference it most
likely means there is an environment factor
- Race in IQ - -The fact that black people score lower on IQ tests is more
about correlation than causation. Statistically, a large percentage of black
people are poor and therefore don't have the same advantages educationally
as other ethnic groups
, - motivation - -need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
- Instinct Theory - -all motivations are instinctual
- Drive Reduction Theory - -psychological imbalance causes a psychological
arousal that prompts
- Arousal Theory - -maintain a personal optimal level of arousal
- Incentive Behavior Theory - -gain positive incentives and avoid negative
ones
- instincts - -automatic, involuntary, unlearned responses
- homeostasis - -constant, ideal internal state
- arousal - -general activation level
- Maslow's Hierarchy - -needs or wants that motivate us, needs lower on the
hierarchy tend to take precedence over higher needs
- Order of Maslow's Hierarchy - -1.) biological needs
2.) safety needs
3.) belongingness and love
4.) esteem needs
5.) self-actualization
6.) transcendence
- set- point - -homeostatic body weight for a certain person
- basal metabolic rate - -amount of energy body burns at rest
- obesity - -20% over the size of recommended body weight. Genetic
predisposition, metabolic differences, and social influences
- anorexia nervosa - -self starvation: significantly underweight, fear of
weight gain, distorted body image, teens, perfectionism, low self-esteem,
depression, anxiety
- bulimia nervosa - -onset is later, binge and purge, normal or overweight
- sexual response cycle - -excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution.
Researched by Masters and Johnson.
- Inis Beag - -Irish Catholic community. Sex = necessary evil
